8.1 The Control of Movement

Question 1

Smooth muscles

Answer 1

Those that control the digestive system and other organs

Question 2

Cardiac muscles

Answer 2

Muscles of the heart that have properties intermediate between those of smooth and skeletal muscles

Question 3

Skeletal (striated) muscles

Answer 3

Muscles that control movement of the body in relation to the enviroment

Question 6

Neuromuscular junction

Answer 6

A synapse between a motor neuron axon and a muscle fiber

Question 8

Antagonistic muscles

Answer 8

Opposing sets of muscles that are required to move a leg or arm back and forth

Question 9

Flexor

Answer 9

Muscle that flexes the limb

Question 10

Slow-twitch fibers

Answer 10

Muscle fibers that have less vigorous contractions and no fatigue

Question 12

Extensor

Answer 12

Muscle that straightens the limb

Question 13

Stretch reflex

Answer 13

A reflexive contraction of a muscle in response to a stretch of that muscle

Question 14

Fast-twitch fibers

Answer 14

Muscle fibers that produce fast contractions but fatigue rapidly

Question 16

Proprioceptor

Answer 16

A receptor that detects the position or movement of a part of the body

Question 20

Reflexes

Answer 20

Automatic muscular responses to stimuli

Question 21

Muscle spindle

Answer 21

A receptor parallel to the muscle that responds to a stretch

Question 22

Aerobic

Answer 22

Requiring the use of oxygen during movements

Question 23

Rooting reflex

Answer 23

When an infant turns toward the stimulated cheek and begins to suck

Question 24

Golgi tendon organs

Answer 24

Receptors that respond to increases in muscle tention; inhibit futher contractions

Question 25

Anaerobic

Answer 25

Proceeding without using oxygen at the time of a reaction

Question 26

Grasp reflex

Answer 26

A reflexive grasp of an object placed firmly in the hand

Question 31

Motor program

Answer 31

A fixed sequence of movements

Question 33

Babinski reflex

Answer 33

The extention of the big toe and fanning of the others, by an infant, when the sole of the foot is stroked

Question 35

Ballistic movement

Answer 35

Motion that proceeds as a single organized unit that cannot be redirected once it begins

Question 36

Central pattern generators

Answer 36

Neural mechanisms in the spinal cord that generate rhythmic patterns of motor output