3.3 Synapses, Drugs, and Addictions Flashcards

1
Q

Agonist

A

A drug that mimics or increases the effect of a neurotransmitter

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1
Q

Antagonist

A

A drug that blocks a neurotransmitter

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2
Q

affinity (attraksjon)

A

compatibility. an attraction or force between particles that causes them to combine.

Eg. a drug has an affinity for a reseptor if it binds to it, like a key ino a lock.

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3
Q

Efficacy

A

a drug’s tendency to activate the receptor

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4
Q

Self-stimulation of the brain

A

Behaviour that is reinforced by electrical stimulation of a brain area

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6
Q

Stimulant drugs

A

Drugs that increase excitement, slertness, and activity while elevating mood and decreasing fatigue

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7
Q

Nucleus accumbens

A

Brain area that is rich in dopamine and is central to the brain’s reinforcement system

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11
Q

Cocaine

A

A drug that blocks reuptake of dopamine

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12
Q

Dopamine transporter

A

A protein that is reabsorbed at the presynaptic terminal

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13
Q

Methylphenidate (ritalin)

A

Stimulant drug prescribed for ADHD that increases the stimulation of dopamine synapses by blocking the reuptake of dopamine by the presynaptic neuron

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14
Q

Opiate drugs

A

Drugs derived from the opium poppy

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15
Q

Nicotine

A

A stimulant drug that stimulates certain acetylcholine receptors

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16
Q

Amphetamine

A

A drug that blocks reuptake of dopamine and other neurotransmitters

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19
Q

Type I (type A) alcoholism

A

Alcohol abuse with graual onset; only a weak genetic predisposition

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20
Q

Type II (type B) alcoholism

A

Alcohol abuse with rapid onset and a strong genetic basis

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22
Q

Withdrawl

A

Effects of drug cessation (slutt)

24
Q

Tolerance

A

Decrease of effects

26
Q

Cannabinoids

A

Any of the chemical compounds that are the active principles of marijuana

27
Q

Halluciogenic drugs

A

Drugs that distort perception

30
Q

Anandamide

A

Chemical that binds to cannabinoid receptors

31
Q

9-tetrahydrocannabinol (9-THC)

A

Chemical contained in marijuana leaves

34
Q

Methadone

A

Drug similar to heroin and morphine that is taken orally

35
Q

2-AG (sn-2 arachidonylglycerol)

A

Chemical that binds to canabinoid receptors

36
Q

Alcohol dependence (alcoholism)

A

The habitual use of alchohol despite medical or social harm

39
Q

Antabuse (disulfram)

A

Drug that antagonizes the effects of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase by binding to its copper ion

A drug used in treatment of alcoholism, that acts by inducing nausea and other unpleasant symptoms following ingestion of alcohol