3.3 Synapses, Drugs, and Addictions Flashcards
Agonist
A drug that mimics or increases the effect of a neurotransmitter
Antagonist
A drug that blocks a neurotransmitter
affinity (attraksjon)
compatibility. an attraction or force between particles that causes them to combine.
Eg. a drug has an affinity for a reseptor if it binds to it, like a key ino a lock.
Efficacy
a drug’s tendency to activate the receptor
Self-stimulation of the brain
Behaviour that is reinforced by electrical stimulation of a brain area
Stimulant drugs
Drugs that increase excitement, slertness, and activity while elevating mood and decreasing fatigue
Nucleus accumbens
Brain area that is rich in dopamine and is central to the brain’s reinforcement system
Cocaine
A drug that blocks reuptake of dopamine
Dopamine transporter
A protein that is reabsorbed at the presynaptic terminal
Methylphenidate (ritalin)
Stimulant drug prescribed for ADHD that increases the stimulation of dopamine synapses by blocking the reuptake of dopamine by the presynaptic neuron
Opiate drugs
Drugs derived from the opium poppy
Nicotine
A stimulant drug that stimulates certain acetylcholine receptors
Amphetamine
A drug that blocks reuptake of dopamine and other neurotransmitters
Type I (type A) alcoholism
Alcohol abuse with graual onset; only a weak genetic predisposition
Type II (type B) alcoholism
Alcohol abuse with rapid onset and a strong genetic basis