3.3 Synapses, Drugs, and Addictions

Question 1

Agonist

Answer 1

A drug that mimics or increases the effect of a neurotransmitter

Question 1

Antagonist

Answer 1

A drug that blocks a neurotransmitter

Question 2

affinity (attraksjon)

Answer 2

compatibility. an attraction or force between particles that causes them to combine.

Eg. a drug has an affinity for a reseptor if it binds to it, like a key ino a lock.

Question 3

Efficacy

Answer 3

a drug’s tendency to activate the receptor

Question 4

Self-stimulation of the brain

Answer 4

Behaviour that is reinforced by electrical stimulation of a brain area

Question 6

Stimulant drugs

Answer 6

Drugs that increase excitement, slertness, and activity while elevating mood and decreasing fatigue

Question 7

Nucleus accumbens

Answer 7

Brain area that is rich in dopamine and is central to the brain’s reinforcement system

Question 11

Cocaine

Answer 11

A drug that blocks reuptake of dopamine

Question 12

Dopamine transporter

Answer 12

A protein that is reabsorbed at the presynaptic terminal

Question 13

Methylphenidate (ritalin)

Answer 13

Stimulant drug prescribed for ADHD that increases the stimulation of dopamine synapses by blocking the reuptake of dopamine by the presynaptic neuron

Question 14

Opiate drugs

Answer 14

Drugs derived from the opium poppy

Question 15

Nicotine

Answer 15

A stimulant drug that stimulates certain acetylcholine receptors

Question 16

Amphetamine

Answer 16

A drug that blocks reuptake of dopamine and other neurotransmitters

Question 19

Type I (type A) alcoholism

Answer 19

Alcohol abuse with graual onset; only a weak genetic predisposition

Question 20

Type II (type B) alcoholism

Answer 20

Alcohol abuse with rapid onset and a strong genetic basis

Question 22

Withdrawl

Answer 22

Effects of drug cessation (slutt)

Question 24

Tolerance

Answer 24

Decrease of effects

Question 26

Cannabinoids

Answer 26

Any of the chemical compounds that are the active principles of marijuana

Question 27

Halluciogenic drugs

Answer 27

Drugs that distort perception

Question 30

Anandamide

Answer 30

Chemical that binds to cannabinoid receptors

Question 31

9-tetrahydrocannabinol (9-THC)

Answer 31

Chemical contained in marijuana leaves

Question 34

Methadone

Answer 34

Drug similar to heroin and morphine that is taken orally

Question 35

2-AG (sn-2 arachidonylglycerol)

Answer 35

Chemical that binds to canabinoid receptors

Question 36

Alcohol dependence (alcoholism)

Answer 36

The habitual use of alchohol despite medical or social harm

Question 39

Antabuse (disulfram)

Answer 39

Drug that antagonizes the effects of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase by binding to its copper ion

A drug used in treatment of alcoholism, that acts by inducing nausea and other unpleasant symptoms following ingestion of alcohol