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A level Chemistry OCR A > 8.1 Group 2 > Flashcards

8.1 Group 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are elements in group 2 of the periodic table called?

A

alkaline earth metals

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2
Q

Which electrons do alkaline earth metals lose when they react?

A

ns2 + ns1

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3
Q

Why are group 2 metals good reducing agents?

A

due to their ability to donate electrons

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4
Q

Down the group, how does the reducing power of group 2 change and why?

A

more powerful reducing agents:

* more shells 
* greater shielding effect
* weaker electrostatic attraction of outer electrons
* electrons lost/donated more easily
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5
Q

What are the redox reactions of group 2?

A

+ O2 ⟶ metal oxide

+ H2O ⟶ metal hydroxide + H2

+ (dilute) ACID ⟶ salt + H2

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6
Q

metal + oxygen ⟶

A

metal oxide

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7
Q

metal + water ⟶

A

metal hydroxide + hydrogen

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8
Q

metal + dilute acid ⟶

A

salt + hydrogen

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9
Q

Down the group, how does ionisation energy, reactivity, and reducing power of group 2 metals change?

A

ionisation energy less endothermic - greater shielding

reactivity ￪ - electrons lost more easily

reducing power ￪ - these electrons are donated

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10
Q

Explain how the solubility of metal hydroxides changes down the group:

A

Solubility ￪ down group:

* more shells
* larger atomic radius
* weaker electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
* less energy required to break ionic bonds
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11
Q

Explain how the pH of hydroxides changes down the group:

A

pH ￪ down group:

* Solubility ￪
* concentration of OH ￪
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12
Q

Metal hydroxides with a higher _____ form more alkaline solutions.

A

solubility

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13
Q

How do you test the solubility of metal hydroxides?

A
  1. mix group 2 hydroxide + water
  2. shake
  3. measure pH using universal indicator
  4. repeat using different metal hydroxides
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14
Q

What are the uses of group 2 metal hydroxides?

A

INCREASE pH OF ACIDIC SOIL

ANTACIDS

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15
Q

How can group 2 metal hydroxides be used to increase the pH of soil?

A

Ca(OH)2 added

neutralises acids by reacting with H+

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16
Q

How can group 2 metal oxides be used as antacids?

A

Mg(OH)2 ingested

neutralises some HCl

17
Q

Why are specific metal hydroxides used for antacids + neutralising soil?

A

different metal hydroxides have different solubilities (increases down group)

therefore some are more alkaline than others

must choose suitable metal hydroxide for job

18
Q

Which metal hydroxide is usually used for antacids?

A

Mg(OH)2

19
Q

Which metal hydroxide is usually used for neutralising acidic soils?

A

Ca(OH)2

A level Chemistry OCR A (44 decks)

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