27.3 Condensation Polymerisation

Question 1

What is condensation polymerisation?

Answer 1

formation of polymer

by joining of monomers

with loss of small molecule

Question 2

What atom(s) do amines lose during condensation reactions?

Answer 2

Question 3

What atom(s) do carboxylic acids lose during condensation reactions?

Answer 3

Question 4

What atom(s) do alcohols lose during condensation reactions?

Answer 4

Question 5

What is the main difference between addition polymerisation & condensation polymerisation?

Answer 5

addition reaction: monomers join without loss of small molecule

condensation polymerisation: monomers join with loss of small molecule

Question 6

Draw & label an ester linkage:

Answer 6

Question 7

Describe the formation of a polyester using 1 type of monomer:

Answer 7

monomer contains alcohol & carboxylic acid functional groups

Ester linkages form between hydroxyl + carboxyl

OH from carboxyl + H from alcohol ⟶ H₂O

(monomer could also be alcohol + acyl chloride, releasing HCl as small molecule)

Question 8

Describe the formation of a polyester using 2 types of monomers:

Answer 8

Monomer_A = dicarboxylic acid, Monomer_B = diol

Ester linkages formed during condensation between alternating dicarboxylic acid & diol

Question 9

Draw & label an amide linkage:

Answer 9

Question 10

Describe the formation of a polyamide using 1 type of monomer:

Answer 10

monomer contains amine & carboxylic acid functional groups

Amide linkages form between amine + carboxyl

H from amine + OH from carboxyl ⟶ H₂O

(monomer could also be amine + acyl chloride, releasing HCl as small molecule)

Question 11

Describe the formation of a polyamide using 2 types of monomers:

Answer 11

Monomer_A = dicarboxylic acid, Monomer_B = diamine

Amide linkages formed during condensation between alternating dicarboxylic acid & diol

Question 12

How many small molecules are released from the condensation polymerisation of n lots of monomer_A only?

Answer 12

n-1

(1 less than total monomers, because for 2 monomers there is 1 small molecule released)

Question 13

How many small molecules are released from the condensation polymerisation between

n(monomer_A) + n(monomer_B)?

Answer 13

2n-1

(1 less than number of total monomers, because for 2 monomers there is 1 small molecule released)

Question 14

Draw the polymerisation reaction from 2-hydroxyethanoic acid monomers:

Answer 14

Question 15

Draw the polymerisation reaction from benzen-1,4-dicarboxylic acid + ethan-1,2-diol monomers:

Answer 15

Question 16

What 2 functional groups are used for synthesising polyesters?

Answer 16

carboxylic acid + alcohol

(could also be acyl chloride + alcohol)

Question 17

What 2 functional groups are used for synthesising polyamides?

Answer 17

carboxylic acid + amine

(could also be acyl chloride + amine)

Question 18

Draw the polymerisation reaction from 2-aminopropanoic acid monomers:

Answer 18