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Question 1

vivisection

Answer 1

n. dissection, surgery, or painful experiments performed on a living animal for the purpose of scientific research

The book Animal Rights by the philosopher Tom Regan contains a long discussion of vivisection.

Question 2

vogue

Answer 2

n. prevailing fashion or practice

Although protectionist policies are not in vogue today, great capitalist democracies, such as Great Britain and the U.S., flourished for long periods of their histories under protectionist trade policies that were nearly mercantilist- policies that imposed high tariffs on many foreign goods to promote domestic production.

Question 3

volatile

Answer 3

adj. tending to vary frequently; fickle （変わりやすい、気まぐれな）

Question 4

vortex

Answer 4

n. whirlpool; whirlwind; center of turbulence

Inexorably, the country was drawn into the vortex of war.

Question 5

warranted

Answer 5

adj. justified

Question 6

wary

Answer 6

adj. careful; cautious

Question 7

welter

Answer 7

v. to wallow （ころげまわる、のたうつ） or roll; toss about; be in turmoil

According to psychologists, human beings are naturally wary of strangers.

Question 8

whimsical

Answer 8

adj. fanciful (気まぐれの）; unpredictable

Many children appreciate Dr. Seuss’ whimsical stories.

The noun whimsy means a playful or fanciful idea.
Depite its rigorous and systematic methodology, there is still considerable room in science for imagination and even whimsy.

Question 9

wistful

Answer 9

adj. vaguely longing; sadly thoughtful (思い焦がれた、切ない）

The poem casts a wistful look back at a way of life that has vanished forever.

Question 10

zealot

Answer 10

n. one who is fanatically devoted a cause

The Crusades of the eleventh to thirteenth centuries were conceived of by Christian zealots as a way to derive the Islamic interlopers from the Holy Land.

Zealotry is a noun meaning fanaticism.