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Fire Inspection And Code Enforcement > 8 Water Supply Distribution Systems > Flashcards

8 Water Supply Distribution Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Two basic types of water supply systems

A

Public,

private

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2
Q

For components of an effective public water supply distribution system

A

Water supply source.
Processing or treatment facility.
Means of moving water.
Distribution system, including storage.

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3
Q

Primary source of water in North America

A

Groundwater

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4
Q

Layers of porous rock the capture groundwater and retain it

A

Aquifer

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5
Q

Three methods for moving water through the system

A

Gravity. Direct pumping. Combination

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6
Q

Water pressure caused by the source being at elevation

A

Elevation head pressure

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7
Q

Interlocking network of water mains the compose a water distribution system

A

Grid, or grid iron

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8
Q

Arterial Water mains beginning at 16 inches and exceeding 72 inches

A

Primary feeders

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9
Q

Intermediate water pipes that interconnect with the primary felines to create a grid 12 to 14 inches in size

A

Secondary feeder

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10
Q

Small water mains, 6-8 inches in diameter, that serve individual fire hydrants and commercial/residential customers. May form intermediate grid or dead ends

A

Distributors

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11
Q

Minimum size pipe often used

A

8 inches, although 6 inches is used in some subdivisions

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12
Q

Gravity tanks are used for

A

Maintaining and ensuring constant water pressure

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13
Q

Device used to control or interrupt the flow of water to individual hydrants or properties

A

Control valve

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14
Q

How often should control valves be exercised

A

Once a year

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15
Q

Maximum spacing for water control valves and high-value districts

A

500 feet

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16
Q

Maximum control valve spacing in other areas that arent considered high value

A

800 feet

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17
Q

Control valve for water distribution systems are probably divided into

A

Indicating, nonindicating

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18
Q

Two common indicator type valves

A

Post-indicator valve PIV

Outside stem and yoke valve OS&Y

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19
Q

A partially closed valve would not be noticed during normal water usage however during fire suppression operations it would be noticed because

A

High friction loss would reduce quality of water available

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20
Q

A valve that prohibits water that may be contaminated, from flowing back into public water system

A

Backflow preventer

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21
Q

Advantage of a wet barrel system

A

All working parts located above grade for easier maintenance and use

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22
Q

Disadvantage of wet barrel hydrant

A

Cannot be using claimant susceptible to freezing

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23
Q

Size of the large outlet on a hydrant often referred to as the pumper outlet nozzle or steamer connection

A

4, 4 1/2 inches

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24
Q

Hydrant discharge outlets are considered standard if they contain the following two components

A

4-4 1/2 inch main outlet, two 2.5 inch couplings

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25
Q

Hydrant specifications require what size valve opening for standard three-way hydrants

A

5 inches

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26
Q

Hydrant specifications require what size connection to the Watermain

A

6 inches

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27
Q

How often should hydrant inspections occur

A

Twice a year

28
Q

Generally the barrel of the fire hydrant is painted chrome yellow for municipal hydrants and what color for private hydrants

A

Red

29
Q

The use of violet to designate hydrants is done in the case when

A

Non-potable water supply has been established

30
Q

Light blue indicates what class and fire flow of hydrant

A

AA CLASS

1500 gpm or more

31
Q

What class and fire flow is a green hydrant indicate

A

Class A

1000-1499 gpm

32
Q

What class and gallons per minute flow does a orange hydrant indicate

A

Class B. 500-999 GPM

33
Q

What classification and fire flow is a red-indicate

A

Class C 500 GPM

34
Q

Private water supply distribution systems are most commonly found on

A

Large commercial industrial or institutional properties

35
Q

In general private water supply distribution systems exist for one of the three following purposes

A

Fire protection purposes.
Sanitary and fire purposes.
Manufacturing and fire purposes

36
Q

Private water supply distribution systems commonly receive their water from

A

Municipal supply

37
Q

Almost all private water supply distribution systems maintain what for private fire protection and domestic or industrial services

A

Separate piping for each

38
Q

Many significant fire losses can be traced to

A

Failure of private water supply systems being used for firefighting

39
Q

Mand open lake or pond or enclosed truck are similar to a tank used as a water source

A

Reservoir

40
Q

Tanks located at ground level and provide a water supply source for pressure increasing fire pumps. Capacities typically from 100,000-300,000 gallons

A

Suction tanks

41
Q

Pressure tanks usually range in size from

A

3000-9000 gallons

42
Q

Gravity tanks are used to

A

Stabilize or balance water pressure at times of peak demand

43
Q

Gravity tanks that are 100 feet high generate a pressure of only

A

43 PSI

44
Q

Gravity tank capacity ranges from

A

5000-500,000 gallons

45
Q

Small structures that contain standpipe connections and a large hoseline pre-connected to the discharge outlet

A

Hose houses

46
Q

Pressure remaining at any given point in the water supply system while water is flowing

A

Residual pressure

47
Q

Fire flow test of water supply systems include what pressures

A

Static and residual pressure

48
Q

When should flow test be done of a water main systems and hydrants

A

After extensive improvements.
Construction of water line extensions.
Every five years

49
Q

Although fire hydrants on private water supply systems are the responsibility of the property owner, inspector should still

A

Witness the hydrant test

50
Q

Materials needed to complete inspection of fire hydrant

A 
gauge for checking discharge outlet threads (female coupling)
Lubrication
Gate valve key
Pressure gauge in hydrant cap
Pitot gauge 
12 quart Pail
Stream diffuser
51
Q

The clearance between the bottom of the butt (discharge) of the hydrant and the great should be at least

A

15 inches

52
Q

A pitot gauge should be held in the center of the screen with a small opening or point centered and approximately how far from the opening

A

One half the diameter of the opening.

That’s 1.25” for a 2.5 “ discharge

53
Q

Generally 2.5 inch outlets should be used to conduct hydrant flow test because streams of the larger outlet are

A

Contain voids in the stream

54
Q

20 PSI residual pressure can be defined as enough pressure to overcome friction inside anyone of the following

A

Short 6 inch branch pipe.
Hydrant.
Apparatus intake hose

55
Q

20 PSI minimum residual pressure is often required by the EPA for health reasons because

A

It prevents contaminants from external sources from being drawn into the system

56
Q

Hydrant from where A pitot or cap gauge is used to find static and residual

A

Test hydrant

57
Q

Hydrant from which water is discharged in a fire flow test is done

A

Flow hydrant

58
Q

Flow hydrant should be located how in reference to the test hydrant

A

Downstream

59
Q

A strong probable flow may require several hydrants be open to ensure accurate results. And of hydrants should be open to drop the static pressure by at least

A

10%. And a 25% should more accurate results be required

60
Q

Growth crust or lump corrosion on the inside walls of water mains can reduce the diameter of the pipe and lower capacity

A

Encrustations

61
Q

Encrustation is caused by

A 
Chemicals
Organism or bio growth
Degradation of pipe materials
Rust deposits
Salt accumulated 
Bioreactor a from organisms in water
62
Q

Sedimentation deposits are

A

Mud Clay or leaves

Foreign matter like rocks tools woods or lead

63
Q

Two ways to compute fire flow test results

A

Graphical analysis, mathematical computation

64
Q

Size of primary feeders

A

16-72”

65
Q

Size of distributors

A

6-8”

66
Q

Size of secondary feeders

A

12-14”

Fire Inspection And Code Enforcement (13 decks)

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