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Fire Inspection And Code Enforcement > 5 Building Construction Materials And Structural Systems > Flashcards

5 Building Construction Materials And Structural Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Wood is stronger in the direction parallel to the grain than

A

Than against the grain

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2
Q

The strength of Wood is affected by its

A

Moisture content

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3
Q

Most structural wood has a moisture content of

A

19% or less

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4
Q

Boards have a nominal thickness of

A

2 inches or less

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5
Q

Dimensional lumber has a nominal thickness of

A

2-4 inches

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6
Q

Timbers have a nominal thickness of

A

5 inches or more

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7
Q

Two main methods of fire retardant treatment of wood

A

Pressure impregnation and surface coating

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8
Q

Surface coating wood is used to reduce the surface burning of wood

T F

A

True

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9
Q

Any of the following chemicals may be used and pressure treatment of wood

A 
Ammonium phosphate. 
Boric acid. 
Ammonium sulfate. 
Ammonium phosphate. 
Zinc chloride. 
Sodium dichromate
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10
Q

Typical reduction in strength from fire retardant lumber

A

10-20%

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11
Q

Oldest and most simplistic type of building material

A

Masonry

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12
Q

Most common size of concrete block

A

8 x 8 x 16”

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13
Q

The principal types of stone used in construction are

A

Granite, limestone, sandstone, slate, marble

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14
Q

Clinker

A

Stony matter fused together by heat

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15
Q

Superplasticizer

A

Can be used as an admixture to make concrete flow more freely

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16
Q

The overall fire resistance of steel reinforced concrete depends on

A

The depth of cover of the concrete over the steel and the quality of the concrete

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17
Q

Single most important factor in determining the ultimate strength of concrete is

A

Water to cement ratio

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18
Q

Disadvantages of steel

A

Rust

weakening from heat

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19
Q

The quickness with which unprotected steel fails when exposed to fire depends on several factors

A

Massive steel members.
Intensity of exposing fire.
Load supported by steel.
Type of connections used to join steel members

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20
Q

When Exposed to heavy fire conditions compared to heavy steel beams and girders, slender or lightweight steel members tend to fail

A

Sooner than heavier members

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21
Q

In order to use steel and fire resistive designs it must be protected from the heat of the fire by

A

Fire resistant coating

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22
Q

In old buildings the steel framework was encased in brick or masonry. He still call them encased in 3 inches of concrete would have a fire resistance rating of

A

Four hours

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23
Q

Materials that can be used to fireproof steel include the following

A

Metal lath and plaster.
Gypsum board.
Spray on coating.
Mineral and fiberboard

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24
Q

Sprayed on coatings are especially popular when appearance is not important. They have densities ranging from

A

12-40 pounds per cubic foot

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25
Q

Fire damper

A

Device installed in here talked to penetrate fire resistant rated vertical or horizontal assembly. The transfer of heat or flame through duct

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26
Q

Aluminum has a melting point of

A

1220°F

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27
Q

Cast-iron tends to fail by fracturing rather than what as in the case of steel

A

Yelding

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28
Q

Heat strengthened glass

A

Surface compression between 3500 psi and 10,000 PSI

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29
Q

Fully tempered glass

A

Service compression in excess of 10,000 PSI

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30
Q

Fully temper glass is used in windows that may be subject to Highwind forces and Exterior doors that

A

People might walk into accidentally

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31
Q

Glassblock is generally how thick

A

2-4 inches

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32
Q

Glassblock is typically available in sizes ranging from

A

6 x 6”-8 x 8”

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33
Q

True/false glassblock is a fire resistant material

A

False

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34
Q

Glassblock alone can be substituted for a fire rated wall true false

A

False

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35
Q

The maximum allowable area for one piece of wire glass one quarter of an inch thick is

A

1296 in.²

36
Q

Fire rating duration of wire glass when used in a listed fire door or window frame

A

45 minute rating

37
Q

The maximum allowable area of wire class and a 90 minute fire door is

A

100 in.²

38
Q

Fire rated glass

A

Does not use wires. Made from a combination of glass and plastic

39
Q

A 45 minute reading can be obtained from fire rated glass for panels as large as

A

3325 in.²

40
Q

Pony wall

A

Non-loadbearing wall less than 36 inches tall

41
Q

For glass that requires a reading of up to two hours what can be used

A

Heat strengthened or tempered glass with a special sprinkler to spray on it

42
Q

For a rated piece of glass that requires sprinkler protection to keep it cool height of the protective glass panel is limited to what

A

13 feet high with a 36 inch pony wall at the base of the glazing

43
Q

Slurry

A

Suspension formed by a quantity of powder mixed into a liquid in which the solid is only slightly soluble

44
Q

Process that heats a substance to a high temperature below the melting refusing point causing lots of moisture

A

Calcined

45
Q

Assemblies using gypsum board can have a fire resistance rating from

A

1-4 hours

46
Q

Type X gypsum board

A

Used in fire rated assemblies reinforced by glassfiber

47
Q

Type C gypsum board

A

Used in fire rated assemblies

48
Q

Core board

A

Used for shaft walls and solid partitions

49
Q

Gypsum board is available in thicknesses ranging from

A

1/4 to 3/4 inch

50
Q

1 inch gypsum board is used only for

A

Core board

51
Q

Type C gypsum board contains what substance that expands as it is exposed to heat

A

Vermiculite

52
Q

Type of plastic that will not softener or melt when reheated

A

Thermosetting plastic

53
Q

Synthetic material made from the polymerization of organic compounds to become soft when heated and hard when cooled

A

Thermoplastic

54
Q

Examples of thermosetting plastics are

A

Vulcanized rubber and Bakelite

55
Q

Plastics are organic materials true false

A

True carbon-based even though not naturally occurring

56
Q

The combustion of vinyl chloride produces what type of gas

A

Hydrogen chloride, the gaseous form of hydrochloric acid

57
Q

Building codes require a thermal barrier of how thick of gypsu wallboard to separate plastic from interior of building

A

Half inch thick

58
Q

Automatic sprinklers are required in addition to a thermal barrier when foam plastic is used in thicknesses greater than what

A

4 inches

59
Q

Basic properties of building materials that are shared

A

Combustibility. Thermal conductivity. Rate of thermal expansion. Variation of strength with temperature

60
Q

A fabric roof on the membrane structure weighs

A

About 2 pounds per square foot

61
Q

The materials used in membrane structures must be

A

Noncombustible

62
Q

Primary advantage of precast concrete is

A

Quality control

63
Q

Ledges the project out from the column and support a beam that are cast into the column

A

Corbels

64
Q

Flat slab cast in place

A

Simple system that consists of a slab of concrete supported by concrete columns thicknesses ranging from 6-12 inches

65
Q

Concrete floor slab 8 inches thick the rest on columns 22 feet apart requiring no additional reinforcement

A

Flat plate

66
Q

Flat slab floor is typically make use of columns with reinforcement at the top of the column which are known as

A

Drop panels, concrete rectangle on the top of the panel for support. Mushroom capital, flare at the top of the column

67
Q

Rigid beam and girder frame

A

Resist bending forces from supported loads and lateral forces

68
Q

Semi rigid steel frame

A

Not completely rigid bracing or sheer panel may be needed

69
Q

Simple steelframe

A

Joints are designed primarily to support a vertical force

70
Q

Open web joist can usually be 6 feet deep and up to 144 feet span, however they are more frequently found out what size

A

2 feet deep and 40 foot span

71
Q

Steel structural members used to take the place of steel beams

A

Joist girder, heavy steel trusses open web

72
Q

Steel rigid frame is usually are used for spans of what

A

40-200 feet

73
Q

Top of a rigid frame building

A

Crown

74
Q

Steel rigid frame points where inclined members intersect vertical members are known as

A

Knees

75
Q

The thickness of masonry walls varies from

A

6 inches to several feet

76
Q

walls constructed with fire rated concrete masonry units or bricks can have a fire resistance of

A

2-4 hours

77
Q

Because of its limitations in the basic strength avoid it is not usually economical to use wood frames and buildings taller than

A

Three stories

78
Q

And heavy timber design the columns are not less then what size

A

8 x 8”

79
Q

In heavy timber design floor beams are at minimum what size

A

6 x 10”

80
Q

heavy Timbers from a single log are usually not longer than

A

20 feet, longer requires glue Lam

81
Q

The posts and post and beam construction are usually what size

A

4 x 4” or 6 x 6” spaced 4-12 feet apart

82
Q

Western-style framing is also known as

A

Platform framing

83
Q

Typically the code requires that from insulation be faced with the thermal barrier such as what to prevent or retard service ignition of the phone

A

Gypsum wallboard

84
Q

A brick veneer wall must be tied to the wood frame wall at intervals of

A

16 inches

85
Q

One frequently use rule is that in brick loadbearing walls every six course of brick is

A

A header course with the ends of the brick facing out

Fire Inspection And Code Enforcement (13 decks)

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