8- Thoracic Angiology Flashcards
The Aorta is distal to the Left Ventricle and Aortic Valve, travels superiorly as the very short _______ _______, turns to the left as the _______ ______ then travels inferiorly as the ________ ________ through the Thorax.
Ascending Aorta
Aortic Arch
Descending Aorta
The Descending Aorta goes through the Thorax as the _______ _______, then proceeds through the _______ _______ on the Thoracic Diaphragm and into the Abdomen (now as the Abdominal Aorta).
Thoracic Aorta
Aortic Hiatus
The Ascending Aorta is short and produces what arteries?
Right and Left Coronary A.
This branch off the Ascending Aorta travels anteriorly around the heart to the posterior aspect.
Right Coronary A.
What are the branches of the Right Coronary A.?
Sinuatrial Node A. Conus Branch Atrial Branch Right Marginal A. Atrioventricular Nodal A. Posterior Interventricular A. Right Posterolateral A.
This artery supplies the Sinuatrial Node and is a branch off the Right Coronary A. 60 percent of the time, and is off the Circumflex branch of the Left Coronary A. 40 percent of the time.
Sinuatrial Nodal A.
This artery is a branch off the Right Coronary A. and supplies the Conus Arteriosus.
Conus Branch
This artery is a branch off the Right Coronary A. and supplies the Right Atrium.
Atrial Branch
This artery is a branch off the Right Coronary A. and travels along the inferior border of the heart.
Right Marginal A.
This artery is a branch off the Right Coronary A. and supplies the Atrioventricular Node.
Atrioventricular Nodal A.
This artery is a branch off the Right Coronary A. and travels along the posterior aspect of the heart between the Right and Left Ventricles.
Posterior Interventricular A.
These are branches off the Posterior Interventriuclar A. and supply the Interventricular Septum.
Interventricular Septal Branches
This artery is branch off the Right Coronary A. and supplies the Left Ventricle.
Right Posterolateral A.
This branch off the Ascending Aorta travels superiorly around the heart to the posterior aspect.
Left Coronary A.
What are the branches of the Left Coronary A.?
Anterior Interventricular A.
Circumflex A.
This branch off the Left Coronary A. travels along the anterior aspect of the heart between the Right and Left Ventricles. It is most responsible for supplying the Atrioventricular Bundle as it passes through the Interventricular Septum.
Anterior Interventricular A.
2/3 of the blood supply to the conducting system of the heart comes from which artery?
Anterior Interventricular A.
***Branch off Left Coronary A. Other 1/3 is from Posterior Interventricular A. off the Right Coronary A.
What are the branches of the Anterior Interventricular A. (branch off the LCA)?
Conus Branch
Lateral (Diagonal) A.
Interventricular Septal Branches
This branches off the Anterior Interventricular A. and supplies the Conus Arteriosus.
Conus Branch
This branches off the Anterior Interventricular A. and descends along the anterior surface of the heart.
Lateral (Diagonal) A.
This branches off the Anterior Interventricular A. and supplies the Interventricular Septum, Atrioventricular Bundle, and Right and Left Bundle Branches.
Interventricular Septal Branches
This branch off the Left Coronary A. travels posteriorly around the heart to the posterior aspect.
Circumflex A.
What are the branches of the Circumflex A. (off the Left Coronary A.)?
Left Marginal A.
Posterior Left Ventricular A.
This branch off the Circumflex A. travels along the left margin of the heart.
Left Marginal A.
This branch off the Circumflex A. supplies the left ventricle.
Posterior Left Ventricular A.
Obstruction of the coronary arteries may necessitate replacement of a segment of the coronary artery. This process is called…
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
The _______ _______ _______ is often used for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts based on its comparable diameter to Coronary Arteries. It’s easy to dissect from the lower limb and it offers lengthy portions with no branching or valves. The ________ ________ can also be used.
Great Saphenous V.
Radial A.
This procedure is the insertion of a small balloon catheter into the lumen of the Coronary A. The balloon is inflated to flatten the obstructing plaque against the wall and increase the size of the lumen, improving blood flow.
Coronary Angioplasty
What branches off the Aortic Arch?
Brachiocephalic Trunk
Left Common Carotid A.
Left Subclavian A.
What branches off the Brachiocephalic Trunk?
Right Common Carotid A.
Right Subclavian A.
What does the Left Common Carotid A. supply?
Head and neck
The Subclavian Arteries have 3 regions. What are these regions? Describe their location.
Region 1 = Medial to Anterior Scalene M.
Region 2 = Deep to Anterior Scalene M.
Region 3 = Lateral to Anterior Scalene M. and proximal to 1st Rib
What are the branches from Region 1 of the Subclavian Arteries (medial to Anterior Scalene M.)?
Vertebral A.
Internal Thoracic A.
Thyrocervical Trunk
What does the Vertebral A. supply?
Head and neck
This branch from Region 1 of the Subclavian Arteries travels inferiorly to the posterior aspect of the anterior chest wall, going between the Ribs and the Transverse Thoracic M.
Internal Thoracic A.
What are the branches of the Internal Thoracic A.?
Anterior Intercostal A.
Pericardiacophrenic A.
Musculophrenic A.
Superior Epigastric A.
These are segmental branches of the Internal Thoracic A. that travel in the costal groove.
Anterior Intercostal A.
The Anterior Intercostal A. has branches that go to the breast. They are…
Perforating Branches
Medial Mammary Branches
This branch of the Internal Thoracic A. is the primary blood supply to the Pericardium. It also supplies the Thoracic Diaphragm.
Pericardiacophrenic A.
This is a terminal branch of the Internal Thoracic A. and travels along the medial margin of the 7th-9th Costal Cartilages. It supplies the 7th-9th anterior most Intercostal spaces and the Thoracic Diaphragm.
Musculophrenic A.
This is a terminal branch of the Internal Thoracic A. and travels on the deep surface of the Rectus Abdominus M.
Superior Epigastric A.
What artery does the Super Epigastric A. anastomose with?
Inferior Epigastric A.
What branches off the Thyrocervical Trunk?
Inferior Thyroid A.
Suprascapular A.
Transverse Cervical A.
What does the Thyrocervical Trunk (and its branch Inferior Thyroid A.) supply?
Head and neck
This is a branch of the Inferior Thyroid A., and it also supplies the head and neck.
Ascending Cervical A.
What branches from Region 2 of the Subclavian Arteries?
Costocervical Trunk
***Remember, this region is deep to the Anterior Scalene M.
What are the branches off the Costocervical Trunk?
Supreme Intercostal A.
Deep Cervical A.
What does the Costocervical Trunk and its branches supply?
Head and neck
What branches from Region 3 of the Subclavian Arteries?
Dorsal Scapular A.
***Remember, this region is lateral to the Anterior Scalene M. and proximal to the 1st Rib
This artery is a continuation of the Subclavian A. distal to the 1st Rib.
Axillary A.
The Axillary A. has 3 regions. What are the regions? Describe their location.
Region 1 = Distal to 1st Rib and proximal to Pectoralis Minor M.
Region 2 = Deep to Pectoralis Minor M.
Region 3 = Distal to Pectoralis Minor M. and proximal to Teres Major M.
What branches from Region 1 of the Axillary A.?
Superior Thoracic A.
***Remember, this region is distal to 1st Rib and proximal to Pectoralis Minor M.
This artery is a branch of the Axillary A. and travels to the Thoracic Wall. It supplies the 1st and 2nd Intercostal Spaces and the superior most Serratus Anterior M.
Superior Thoracic A.
What branches from Region 2 of the Axillary A.?
Thoracoacromial Trunk
Lateral Thoracic A.
***Remember, this region is deep to Pectoralis Minor M.
This artery is a branch of the Axillary A. and it travels along the lateral border of Pectoralis Minor M., supplying Pectoralis Major, Pectoralis Minor, Serratus Anterior, and the Intercostal Ms.
Lateral Thoracic M.
The Lateral Thoracic A. has branches that supply the breast. What are these branches?
Lateral Mammary Branches
What branches from Region 3 of the Axillary A.?
Subscapular A.
Anterior Humeral Circumflex A.
Posterior Humeral Circumflex A.
***Remember, this region is distal to Pectoralis Minor M. and proximal to Teres Major M.
The Descending (Thoracic) Aorta extends from the Aortic Arch to the _______ _______, where it becomes the Descending (Abdominal) Aorta.
Aortic Hiatus
The Descending (Thoracic) Aorta can be divided into three vascular planes, which are…
Unpaired Visceral Branches
Paired Lateral Visceral Branches
Paired Segmental Parietal Branches
What are the Unpaired Visceral Branches of the Thoracic Aorta?
Mediastinal A.
Esophageal A.
Pericardial A.
***These are crazy small and get broken, won’t see in lab most likely
This artery from the Thoracic Aorta supplies the lymph nodes of the posterior mediastinum.
Mediastinal A.
***Unpaired Visceral Branch
This artery from the Thoracic Aorta supplies the middle 1/3 of the esophagus.
Esophageal A.
***Unpaired Visceral Branch
This artery from the Thoracic Aorta provides small branches to the pericardium.
Pericardial A.
***Unpaired Visceral Branch
What are the Paired Lateral Visceral Branches of the Thoracic Aorta?
Right Bronchial A.
Left Bronchial A.
This artery supplies the structures of the Hilum of the Right Lung, and arises from the upper Posterior Intercostal A., Thoracic Aorta, or the Left Bronchial A.
Right Bronchial A.
This artery arises from the Thoracic Aorta and supplies the structures of the Hilum of the Left Lung.
Left Bronchial A.
What are the Paired Segmental Parietal Branches of the Thoracic Aorta?
Posterior Intercostal A.
Subcostal A.
This artery is a segmental branch of the Thoracic Aorta and travels in the costal groove.
Posterior Intercostal A.
***Paired Segmental Parietal Branch
The Posterior Intercostal A. has what branches?
Dorsal Branch
Collateral Branch
Lateral Cutaneous A.
This artery is a branch of the Posterior Intercostal A. and travels with the Posterior Ramus of the Spinal Nerves.
Dorsal Branch
This artery is a branch of the Posterior Intercostal A. and travels along the edge of the Rib inferior to the Intercostal Space.
Collateral Branch
This artery is a branch of the Posterior Intercostal A. and travels through the Intercostal muscles to supply an area of skin and subcutaneous tissue on the lateral trunk.
Lateral Cutaneous A.
The Lateral Cutaneous A. supplies the breast via what branch?
Lateral Mammary Branches
What are the 3 sources for Mammary arteries?
Lateral Cutaneous A. – Lateral Mammary Branches
Lateral Thoracic A. – Lateral Mammary Branches
Anterior Intercostal A. – Perforating Branches and Medial Mammary Branches
This artery is a branch of the Thoracic Aorta and travels in the abdomen below the 12th Ribs with the Subcostal N.
Subcostal A.
***Paired Segmental Parietal Branch
This artery is a branch of the Thoracic Aorta that supplies the Thoracic Diaphragm. It does not fit into one of the three vascular plane branching patterns.
Superior Phrenic A.
This exits the heart at the superior border, distal to the Right Ventricle past the Pulmonary Valve. It produces the Right and Left Pulmonary Arteries.
Pulmonary Trunk
These arteries are branches of the Pulmonary Trunk from the Right Ventricle. They enter the lung at the Hilum, and consist of thick-walled vessels that convey deoxygenated blood.
Right Pulmonary A.
Left Pulmonary A.
What are branches of the Right Pulmonary A.?
Superior Lobar A. – to Superior Lobe
Middle Lobar A. – to Middle Lobe
Inferior Lobar A. – to Inferior Lobe
***Remember, because Right Lung has 3 lobes it also has 3 arteries. The Left Lung has 2 lobes and 2 arteries!
What are branches of the Left Pulmonary A.?
Superior Lobar A. – to Superior Lobe
Inferior Lobar A. – to Inferior Lobe
This is the term for the obstruction of a Pulmonary A. by an embolus, such as a blood clot, fat globule, or air bubble. The embolus usually passes from a vein through the right side of the heart into the Pulmonary Arteries.
Pulmonary Embolism
All the Lobar Arteries give off _________ arteries. There are a ton, don’t need to know individual names!
Segmental
These begin as intersegmental veins between the Bronchopulmonary Segments and travel independently from the Pulmonary A. and Bronchi. They empty into the Left Atrium.
Pulmonary Veins
These veins have superior and inferior branches that exit the lung at the Hilum and enter the Left Atrium of the heart. They are thin-walled vessels that convey oxygenated blood.
Right Pulmonary V.
Left Pulmonary V.
This on the posterior aspect of the heart and drains the Great, Middle, and Small Veins. It empties into the Right Atrium of the heart.
Coronary Sinus
This vein originates on the anterior aspect of the heart between the Right and Left Ventricles. It travels with the Anterior Interventricular A., then travels around the heart with the Circumflex A. to empty into the Coronary Sinus.
Great Cardiac V.
This vein travels along the posterior aspect of the heart between the Right and Left Ventricles. It travels with the Posterior Interventricular A.
Middle Cardiac V.
This vein travels along the inferior border of the heart and travels with the Right Marginal A.
Small Cardiac V.
This vein is on the anterior surface of the heart, crosses over the Right Atrioventricular Groove, and empties directly into the Right Atrium of the heart.
Anterior Cardiac V.
These veins are extremely small vessels, possessing no valves, and exist in the Myocardium and communicate directly with the internal chambers of the heart.
Smallest Cardiac Vs.
This is the union of the Right and Left Brachiocephalic V. and Azygos V. It drains from superiorly into the Right Atrium of the heart.
Superior Vena Cava
This vein drains the Posterior Intercostal V. from the right side of the posterior thoracic wall and travels superiorly until crossing over the vertebral bodies to meet with the Superior Vena Cava.
Azygos V.
This vein travels with the Posterior Intercostal A. in the Costal Groove.
Right Posterior Intercostal V. – drains into Azygos V.
Left Posterior Intercostal V. – drains into Hemiazygos V. and Accessory Hemiazygos V.
This vein drains the Posterior Intercostal V. from the left side of the lower posterior thoracic wall, and communicates with the Azygos V. via a communicating branch.
Hemiazygos V.
This vein drains the Posterior Intercostal V. from the left side of the upper posterior thoracic wall, and communicates with the Azygos V. via a communicating branch.
Accessory Hemiazygos V.
This is the union of the Right and Left Common Iliac V. and travels through the Abdomen, through the Venal Caval Foramen of the Thoracic Diaphragm, and drains inferiorly into the Right Atrium.
Inferior Vena Cava
This originates as the Chyle Cistern in the abdomen and drains lymph from the LE, pelvis, abdomen, left half of thorax, left UE, and left side of the head and neck.
Thoracic Duct
The Thoracic Duct empties into the venous system near the junction of what veins?
Left Internal Jugular V.
Left Subclavian V.
In the Thorax, the Thoracic Duct drains what?
Subclavian Lymphatic Trunk
Bronchomediastinal Trunk
This drains the UE and Axilla via the Axillary Lymphatic Plexus.
Subclavian Trunk
This drains the Cranial and Cervical LNs.
Jugular Trunk
This drains the Parasternal, Paratracheal, Paraesophageal, Superior Phrenic, and Brachiocephalic LNs.
Bronchomediastinal Trunk
This drains the Subclavian Lymphatic Trunk and the Bronchomediastinal Trunk on the right side. It empties into the Brachiocephalic V. near its origin.
Right Lymphatic Duct
This is the primary lymphoid organ located in the anterior superior Mediastinum which is gradually replaced by fat after puberty.
Thymus
On the right side, lymph drains from the ________ _______ ________ into venous circulation. On the left side, lymph drains from the _______ ________ into venous circulation.
Right Lymphatic Duct
Thoracic Duct
These LNs include the Pectoral, Interpectoral, Deltopectoral, Supraclavicular, and Inferior Deep Cervical LNs.
Axillary LNs
Axillary LNs drain 75 percent of the breast via the ________ _________ _________ and empties into the Subclavian Lymphatic Trunk, then into the Right Lymphatic Duct or Thoracic Duct (depending on the side).
Subareolar Lymphatic Plexus
These LNs drain the Subareolar Lymphatic Plexus, Parietal Pleura, and Thymus. It then empties into the Bronchomediastinal Trunk and into the Right Lymphatic Duct or Thoracic Duct (depending on the side).
Parasternal LNs
These LNs drain the Bronchopulmonary LNs and the Subepicardial Lymphatic Plexus (Inferior Tracheobronchial LNs only). They then empty into the Bronchomediastinal Trunk.
Tracheobronchial LNs
These LNs drain the Superficial and Deep Lymphatic Plexuses of the Lung.
Bronchopulmonary LNs
These LNs drain the superficial Lung and Visceral Pleura.
Superficial Lymphatic Plexus of the Lung
These LNs drains the deep Lungs and the Bronchi.
Deep Lymphatic Plexus of the Lung
What LNs drain the Parietal Pleura?
Intercostal LNs
Phrenic LNs
Anterior Mediastinal LNs
Posterior Mediastinal LNs
These LNs drain the Parietal Pleura, Esophagus, Posterior Pericardium, Thoracic Diaphragm, and middle Posterior Intercostal Spaces. They empty into the Thoracic Duct.
Posterior Mediastinal LNs
