22- Thoracic Radiology Flashcards
This is difficult to assess via X-Ray. CTs are more sensitive. They are often seen on X-Rays due to hematoma at the site.
Fractured Rib
What ribs are most commonly featured?
4-10
Fractured ribs are often associated with what?
- Pneumothorax/Hemothorax
- - Injuries to spleen, liver, and kidney
A ________ Pneumothorax occurs when air enters the thorax but cannot exit. This usually happens due to trauma when injury fails to seal and a positive pressure ventilation, particularly during resuscitation.
Tension
In a Tension Pneumothorax, the lung collapses but it also impairs ________ ________ that can lead to cardiac arrest.
Venous Return
This is a type of Tension Pneumothorax, and is caused by a rupture of alveoli through visceral pleura so air leaks into the cavity. Risks of this include smoking, COPD, cystic fibrosis, and inherited apical bleb.
Spontaneous Pneumothorax
In a Spontaneous Pneumothorax, the lung collapses and there is compression of _________ structures and vessels.
Mediastinal
A Pulmonary ________ Sign is when a ________ is found on the surface of the fluid. It is commonly seen with Pleural Effusion on X-Ray.
Meniscus
Meniscus
A Pulmonary Meniscus is due to surface tension between two different fluids in the ________ ________ (normal serous fluid and pleural effusion).
Pleural Cavity
A Pulmonary Meniscus will accumulate in ________ ________ on the PA radiograph and in the _________ region on lateral radiographs.
Costophrenic Angles
Substernal
The _______ Sign is a solitary, round, circumscribed shadow on an X-Ray. It may be calcified and the patient may be asymptomatic.
Coin
What are causes of the Coin Sign?
Tuberculosis
Neoplasms
Cysts
Vascular Anomalies (such as Angioma)
These are seen when the interlobular septa in the pulmonary interstitium become prominent. They are caused by distension of anastomotic channels between peripheral and central lymphatics compressing the interlobular septa.
Kerley Lines
This type of Kerley Line consist of diagonal lines running from hila to periphery.
Kerley A Lines
This type of Kerley Line consist of short parallel lines at the periphery, perpendicular to pleura.
Kerley B Lines
What are causes of Kerley Lines?
Pulmonary Edema
Lymphoma and other cancers
Pneumonia
What direction are you staring from on a CT?
From the feet up!
This is caused by fluid buildup within the Pericardial Cavity and it is obstructing blood flow. It creates the appearance of a “water bottle” heart, a globular heart silhouette in an X-Ray.
Cardiac Tamponade
Cardiac Tamponade has 3 symptoms that are called Beck’s Triad. These symptoms are…
Distant heart sounds
Jugular distension
Hypotension (Low BP)
***Also may show signs of shock
What are causes of Cardiac Tamponade?
Neoplasms
Pericarditis
Effusion due to renal failure
Trauma
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