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Internal Audit Environment > 8. Systems And Processes > Flashcards

8. Systems And Processes Flashcards

0
Q

A — is a way of doing things

A

Process

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1
Q

A — is a set of components that need to operate together to perform a particular function.

A

System

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2
Q

List nine different things that may be inputs or outputs of a transformational system.

A

Physical materials
Energy
The environment

Labour
Skills
Personal appearance

Health and well being
Capital
Knowledge and information

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3
Q

List the six types of transformation process

A 
Physical
Locational
Physiological
Psychological
Presentational
Informational
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4
Q

List five dimensions that may be used to differentiate between manufacturing systems

A 
Volume of output
Nature of processes
Type of output
Degree of differentiation between products
Physical layout
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5
Q

List the four types of physical layout of manufacturing systems

A

Production lines
Production cells
Functional production
Concentric production

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6
Q

Production lines are used for…

A

Simple, repetitive tasks

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7
Q

— — allow for high volumes of undifferentiated output.

A

Production lines

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8
Q

Production cells are required where…

A

Processes more complex

Greater skill required

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9
Q

— — may operate like a series of related production lines

A

Production cells

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10
Q

With a — — layout, some degree of differentiation is possible

A

Production cell

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11
Q

A functional production layout occurs where…

A

Processes are distinct

Processes need to be kept separate

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12
Q

With a — — layout, greater individuality of batches is possible, according to customer specifications.

A

Functional production

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13
Q

Concentric production is required for…

A

Highly differentiated products, especially large items

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14
Q

In — —, the manufacturing processes are arranged around the product.

A

Concentric production

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15
Q

List five dimensions that may be used to analyse operations

A 
Capacity
Control
Standards
Scheduling
Materials
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16
Q

Which of the five dimensions of manufacturing operations is limited by the scarcest resource?

A

Capacity

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17
Q

— is the maximum possible output of a production process

A

Capacity

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18
Q

— can be calculated from observation and historical performance to show how much time, material, labour and other resource is needed to complete particular items.

A

Standards

19
Q

As far as the five dimensions of operations are concerned, — refers to both raw material inputs and the output of finished and semi-finished goods

A

Materials

20
Q

With regards to the five dimensions of operations, — is required to ensure components like materials, labour and equipment are in the right place at the right time.

A

Scheduling

21
Q

With regards to the five dimensions of operations, — relies on planning and monitoring in order to correct problems as they arise.

A

Control

22
Q

— production demands precision in delivering the right product to the customer efficiently with the minimum of waste

A

Lean

23
Q

What are the seven areas of waste identified by the lean production model?

A 
Inventory
Motion
Queuing
Transportation
Overproduction
Over-processing
Defects
24
Q

According to the lean production model, how does inventory cause waste?

A

It represents money tied up that could be better deployed elsewhere

25
Q

According to the lean production model, how does motion cause waste?

A

Unnecessary movement of goods, equipment and people wastes time.

26
Q

List two other types of system other than the manufacturing system.

A

Financial system

Management information system

27
Q

What six benefits of target-setting can be achieved by budgeting in the financial system?

A 
Motivation
Coordination
Improving performance
Monitoring performance
Rewarding people
Controlling operations
28
Q

With regard to organisational systems, what does MIS stand for?

A

Management Information Systems

29
Q

List the five core uses of information systems identified by Markus

A 
Operational
Monitoring
Decision Support
Knowledge
Communication
30
Q

To what eight kinds of activities can technology be applied?

A 
Production
Maintenance
Modelling
Processing
Analysis
Storage
Monitoring
Design
31
Q

List the three commonly distinguished types of technology.

A

Core technology
High technology
Service technology

32
Q

— technology is technology used for the transformation process itself

A

Core

33
Q

— technology is a loose term referring to computer-based technology

A

High

34
Q

— technology is technology associated with the delivery of internal and external services

A

Service

35
Q

List six dimensions that can be used to analyse and describe technology.

A 
Technical complexity
Routine nature of tasks
Standardisation of inputs and outputs
Standardisation of processes
Task variability
Task analysability
36
Q

List the three distinctions of technical complexity identified by Woodward

A

Unit and small batch production
Large batch/mass production
Continuous flow production

37
Q

According to Woodward, to what kind of organisational structure is unit and small batch production most appropriate?

A

Smaller spans of control
Fewer levels of hierarchy
Decentralised structure

38
Q

According to Woodward, to what kind of organisational structure is large batch/mass production most effective?

A

Larger spans of control

Centralised structure

39
Q

According to Woodward, to what kind of organisational structure is continuous flow production most appropriate?

A

An organic structure (smaller spans, fewer levels)

40
Q

What four categories of technology, based on task variability and task analysability, were identified by Perrow?

A

Routine
Craft
Engineering
Non-routine

41
Q

According to Perrow, — technology is characterised by low variability and high analysability.

A

Routine

42
Q

According to Perrow, — technology is characterised by low variability and low analysability.

A

Craft

43
Q

According to Perrow, — technology is characterised by high variability and high analysability.

A

Engineering

44
Q

According to Perrow, — technology is characterised by high variability and low analysability.

A

Non-routine

Internal Audit Environment (14 decks)

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