8. Stolypin Flashcards
When were there famines?
1891
1897
What happened in 1891 and 1897?
Famines
How did Stolypin ‘de-revolutionise the peasants’?
High price of mortgages meant there was fear that the government would repossess land so the government cleared this
What measure happened between 1906-1907?
Wager on the strong
When was the wager on the strong?
1906 to 1907
What was wager on the strong?
Creation of a layer of prosperous, productive peasants. Their wealth would turn them into Tsarist supporters as they have new wealth.
Farmers urged to remove strip system with fence fields
Land bank established to allow an independent peasant to buy his own land
Why did Stolypin have little success?
Conservatism prevented change
How many years did Stolypin say he needed to make change?
20 years
What did Stolypin put down in December 1905?
Moscow rebellion
How many death sentences were there between field courts martial between 1906-07?
1144 death sentences
Between what years did the field court martial carry out 1144 death sentences?
1906 to 1907
Who carried out 1144 death sentences between 1906 to 1907?
Field court martial
How many newspapers were closed between 1906-12?
1,000 newspapers
Between what years were 1,000 newspapers closed?
1906-7
By 1908, how many assassinations were there?
385
In what year were the assassinations 385?
1908
In what year were the assassinations 1200?
1907
How many assassinations were there in 1907?
1,200
What were the number of assassinations between 1907 to 1908?
1907: 1,200
1908: 385
What could peasants do regarding Mirs?
Peasants could withdraw and set up their own
What was the impact of the peasants Land Bank?
Gave loans to peasants leaving communes
Who gave loans to peasants leaving communes?
Peasants land Bank
What payments were abolished
Redemption payments
What was dissolved?
Communes
What was the ‘Bet on the sober and the strong’?
Creation of new prosperous class of peasants loyal to the Tsar
By 1915, by what percentage did peasant land ownership increase by?
20% to 50%
What was the agricultural production in 1906?
45 million tonnes
In what year was food production 45 million tonnes?
1906
What was the food production in 1913?
61 million tonnes
In what year was the food production 61 million tonnes?
1913
Between 1908, how many were convicted?
16,500
Between what years were there 16,500 convicted?
1908-9
How many were hanged between 1908-9?
3,600
Between what years were 3,600 hanged?
1908-9
Between what years were 4,500 sent to hard labour camps
1908-9
How many were sent to hard labour camps between 1908-9?
4,500
What was the Hangman’s noose nicknamed?
Stolypins necktie
What interrupted progress?
WW1
When was Stolypin assassinated?
September 1911
What happened in September 1911?
Stolypin assassinated
What sectors were ignored?
Industrial and urban areas ignored
When was there a general strike in Moscow?
1914
Who did the police force created by Stolypin in Saratov make an impression with?
Every young male under his control
How did Stolypin make a good impression?
In the revolts in Saratov, he was able to keep firm control of governance in 1902
What did Stolypin make in 1906?
Court martial
How long did cases last in the court martial?
2 days
What lasted 2 days?
Cases in the court martial
Who was not allowed defence
Accused in the court martial
Within how many hours were executions carried out in court martials?
24 hours
In a terrorist attack in 1905, how many were killed and how many were executed?
233 killed
8 executed
In a terrorist attack in 1908, how many were killed and how many were executed?
394 killed
825 executed
What had the membership of revolutionary groups become in 1910?
Fell from 100,000 to 10,000
What were the impacts of Kulaks?
Influence peasants to support the Tsar
Boost agricultural production
What was transformed?
Russian communal pattern through removing Mir
What happened to poorly utilised land?
Given to peasant land bank
What could peasant using mirs do?
Turn their land into small holdings
What was available from September 1906?
More crown and state land available for purchase
When were more crown and state land available for purchase?
September 1906
What was introduced in October 1906?
Peasants had equal rights in Local administration
When did peasants had equal rights in Local administration?
October 1906
What was introduced in November 1906?
Peasants had the right to leave commune and collective ownership was banned (Land owned by a group that benefit)
What committee were set up?
Land organisation committees
What percentage of land was still in strips?
90%
How many migrated to Siberia?
3.5 million
Where did 3.5 million peasants move to?
Siberia
Why did 3.5 million move to Siberia?
Subsidies and encouragement of migration
What was the impact of subsidies and encouragement of migration?
Migration of 3.5 million to Siberia
How many applications were dealt with?
1.3 million to 5 million for poorer peasant land
