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RUSSIA: Chapter 1: The rule of Tsar Nicholas II > 4. Witte > Flashcards

4. Witte Flashcards

1
Q

Why did Russia modernise?

A

Be on the same level as other European powers

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2
Q

What did Russia’s want to be on the same level as other European powers mean?

A

Modernise

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3
Q

What was Inside Russia’s reserves?

A

Oil, Iron, Coal, Timber

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4
Q

During what period was Witte the financial minister?

A

1892-1903

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5
Q

Who was the financial minister between 1892-1903

A

Sergi Witte

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6
Q

Who’s idea did Witte support?

A

Reuterners

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7
Q

When were foreign loans negotiated?

A

1906

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8
Q

What did Witte want to do to interest rate and taxes?

A

Raise interest rates and taxes to boost available capital

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9
Q

When was the Russian currency placed on the Gold standard?

A

January 1897

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10
Q

What did Witte do in January 1897?

A

Witte places Russian currency on the Good Standard

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11
Q

What happened to coal production

A

Doubled between 1890-1905

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12
Q

What materials production double between 1890s-1905

A

Coal

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13
Q

What happened to iron and steel?

A

Production was 7 times greater

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14
Q

What material was 7 times greater during 1890s-1905?

A

Iron and steel

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15
Q

During what period did coal production double?

A

1890s-1905

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16
Q

What happened to the oil and chemistry industries?

A

New technology introduced

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17
Q

What happens to the oil and chemistry industry?

A

New technology introduced

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18
Q

What were the railway tracks length in the 1891?

A

29183

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19
Q

When was the length of the railway tracks in 1891?

A

29183

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20
Q

What was the length of the railway tracks in 1901?

A

52612

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21
Q

During what period did the railway tracks increase from 29183 to 52612?

A

1891 to 1901

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22
Q

How much did capital investment increase by between 1893-98

A

120%

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23
Q

In which sector did the investment increase by 120%

A

Capital every year between 1893-1898

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24
Q

During what period did capital increase by 120% every year

A

1893-1898

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25
How many people were working class
11 million
26
11 million people in the population were ...
Working classes
27
What was the nickname of the government that had overseen work?
Witte system
28
What was the Witte system?
nickname of the government that had overseen work
29
What financed the development in manufacturing
Loans from abroad
30
What was the percentage of increase in railways in 30 years
230%
31
In how many years did the railway increase by 230%
30 years
32
What thing increased by 230% in 30 years?
Railways
33
What was the income from industry in 1893?
42 million
34
What was the income of industry in 1897?
161 million
35
When was the income from industry 42 million?
1893
36
When was the income from industry 161 million
1897
37
What was Russia position in iron producers
Over took France and was 4th
38
In what material was Russia the 4th biggest producer?
Iron
39
What did Russia do to prevent imports
Imposed high tariffs
40
How much was foreign investment in 1880?
98 million roubles
41
What was the foreign investment in 1900?
911 million
42
What percentage of the railway did the state own?
70%
43
By what number did iron production increase?
9 million to 76 million
44
What was the population in Moscow
Half million
45
What was the population in St. Petersburg?
2 million
46
In what area was the population half a million?
Moscow
47
In what area was the population, 2 million?
St Petersburg
48
What railways was developed
Trans-Siberian Railways
49
How did Russia improve its balance of trade?
Russia exporting 186 million between 1901-10
50
What was the size of the population of St Petersburg in 1914?
2 million
51
What did Russia exploit better?
Exploited natural resources from Siberia
52
Production of grain in 1913 was
90 million
53
What was Russia dependent upon?
Foreign investment
54
What areas were neglected?
Areas such as light engineering and no attention to agriculture
55
Between 1908-14, what was the inflation rate?
40%
56
During what period was there a 40% inflation
1908-1914
57
How was Russia still behind in national income?
Austria Hungary expanded by 79% Britain expanded by 70% Russia expanded by 50%
58
When did industrial growth fall by?
Industrial growth fell by 1.4% between 1900-1906
59
What was the side of railway tracks in 1913?
43,850 miles
60
How much of iron and steel was consumed by the railways in 1900s?
Nearly 60%
61
What city became the 10th largest city in the world?
Moscow
62
What happened to Moscow in 1900?
Became the 10th largest city in the world
63
What were wittes aims?
Modernisation of Russia Reduce social instability Prepare for War Stabilise Tsar power
64
When did industrial growth fall to 1.4%
1906
65
What was the industrial growth in 1906
1.4%
66
Why were growth figures not impressive
Accompanied with a population growth
67
Who was Witte disliked by
Royal court
68
What did the royal courts dislike of Witte mean?
Restricted him
69
What was the impact of placing the currency on the gold standard?
Stability in currency so increased trade
70
What was the impact of the trans-Siberian railway?
Connects trading links
71
By 1914, what was the length of the Trans Siberian railway
43,000 km
72
What did Witte do to foreign taxes?
Increased to improve balance of payments
73
What percentage of the metallurgy was owned by the state by 1899?
2/3
74
What fraction of the railway was owned by the state in 1899?
70%
75
What was the railway length in 1866?
3,000km
76
When was the railway length 3,000km?
1866
77
What was the railway length in 19133?
43,000km
78
When was the railway length 43,000?
1913

RUSSIA: Chapter 1: The rule of Tsar Nicholas II (27 decks)

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