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RUSSIA: Chapter 1: The rule of Tsar Nicholas II > 4. Witte > Flashcards

4. Witte Flashcards

1
Q

Why did Russia modernise?

A

Be on the same level as other European powers

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2
Q

What did Russia’s want to be on the same level as other European powers mean?

A

Modernise

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3
Q

What was Inside Russia’s reserves?

A

Oil, Iron, Coal, Timber

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4
Q

During what period was Witte the financial minister?

A

1892-1903

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5
Q

Who was the financial minister between 1892-1903

A

Sergi Witte

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6
Q

Who’s idea did Witte support?

A

Reuterners

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7
Q

When were foreign loans negotiated?

A

1906

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8
Q

What did Witte want to do to interest rate and taxes?

A

Raise interest rates and taxes to boost available capital

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9
Q

When was the Russian currency placed on the Gold standard?

A

January 1897

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10
Q

What did Witte do in January 1897?

A

Witte places Russian currency on the Good Standard

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11
Q

What happened to coal production

A

Doubled between 1890-1905

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12
Q

What materials production double between 1890s-1905

A

Coal

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13
Q

What happened to iron and steel?

A

Production was 7 times greater

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14
Q

What material was 7 times greater during 1890s-1905?

A

Iron and steel

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15
Q

During what period did coal production double?

A

1890s-1905

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16
Q

What happened to the oil and chemistry industries?

A

New technology introduced

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17
Q

What happens to the oil and chemistry industry?

A

New technology introduced

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18
Q

What were the railway tracks length in the 1891?

A

29183

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19
Q

When was the length of the railway tracks in 1891?

A

29183

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20
Q

What was the length of the railway tracks in 1901?

A

52612

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21
Q

During what period did the railway tracks increase from 29183 to 52612?

A

1891 to 1901

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22
Q

How much did capital investment increase by between 1893-98

A

120%

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23
Q

In which sector did the investment increase by 120%

A

Capital every year between 1893-1898

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24
Q

During what period did capital increase by 120% every year

A

1893-1898

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25
Q

How many people were working class

A

11 million

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26
Q

11 million people in the population were …

A

Working classes

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27
Q

What was the nickname of the government that had overseen work?

A

Witte system

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28
Q

What was the Witte system?

A

nickname of the government that had overseen work

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29
Q

What financed the development in manufacturing

A

Loans from abroad

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30
Q

What was the percentage of increase in railways in 30 years

A

230%

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31
Q

In how many years did the railway increase by 230%

A

30 years

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32
Q

What thing increased by 230% in 30 years?

A

Railways

33
Q

What was the income from industry in 1893?

A

42 million

34
Q

What was the income of industry in 1897?

A

161 million

35
Q

When was the income from industry 42 million?

A

1893

36
Q

When was the income from industry 161 million

A

1897

37
Q

What was Russia position in iron producers

A

Over took France and was 4th

38
Q

In what material was Russia the 4th biggest producer?

A

Iron

39
Q

What did Russia do to prevent imports

A

Imposed high tariffs

40
Q

How much was foreign investment in 1880?

A

98 million roubles

41
Q

What was the foreign investment in 1900?

A

911 million

42
Q

What percentage of the railway did the state own?

A

70%

43
Q

By what number did iron production increase?

A

9 million to 76 million

44
Q

What was the population in Moscow

A

Half million

45
Q

What was the population in St. Petersburg?

A

2 million

46
Q

In what area was the population half a million?

A

Moscow

47
Q

In what area was the population, 2 million?

A

St Petersburg

48
Q

What railways was developed

A

Trans-Siberian Railways

49
Q

How did Russia improve its balance of trade?

A

Russia exporting 186 million between 1901-10

50
Q

What was the size of the population of St Petersburg in 1914?

A

2 million

51
Q

What did Russia exploit better?

A

Exploited natural resources from Siberia

52
Q

Production of grain in 1913 was

A

90 million

53
Q

What was Russia dependent upon?

A

Foreign investment

54
Q

What areas were neglected?

A

Areas such as light engineering and no attention to agriculture

55
Q

Between 1908-14, what was the inflation rate?

A

40%

56
Q

During what period was there a 40% inflation

A

1908-1914

57
Q

How was Russia still behind in national income?

A

Austria Hungary expanded by 79%
Britain expanded by 70%
Russia expanded by 50%

58
Q

When did industrial growth fall by?

A

Industrial growth fell by 1.4% between 1900-1906

59
Q

What was the side of railway tracks in 1913?

A

43,850 miles

60
Q

How much of iron and steel was consumed by the railways in 1900s?

A

Nearly 60%

61
Q

What city became the 10th largest city in the world?

A

Moscow

62
Q

What happened to Moscow in 1900?

A

Became the 10th largest city in the world

63
Q

What were wittes aims?

A

Modernisation of Russia
Reduce social instability
Prepare for War
Stabilise Tsar power

64
Q

When did industrial growth fall to 1.4%

A

1906

65
Q

What was the industrial growth in 1906

A

1.4%

66
Q

Why were growth figures not impressive

A

Accompanied with a population growth

67
Q

Who was Witte disliked by

A

Royal court

68
Q

What did the royal courts dislike of Witte mean?

A

Restricted him

69
Q

What was the impact of placing the currency on the gold standard?

A

Stability in currency so increased trade

70
Q

What was the impact of the trans-Siberian railway?

A

Connects trading links

71
Q

By 1914, what was the length of the Trans Siberian railway

A

43,000 km

72
Q

What did Witte do to foreign taxes?

A

Increased to improve balance of payments

73
Q

What percentage of the metallurgy was owned by the state by 1899?

A

2/3

74
Q

What fraction of the railway was owned by the state in 1899?

A

70%

75
Q

What was the railway length in 1866?

A

3,000km

76
Q

When was the railway length 3,000km?

A

1866

77
Q

What was the railway length in 19133?

A

43,000km

78
Q

When was the railway length 43,000?

A

1913

RUSSIA: Chapter 1: The rule of Tsar Nicholas II (27 decks)

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