6. The 1905 Revolution Flashcards
What percentage of the population were peasants?
80%
What was the structure for 80% of the Russian population?
Living into poverty
What was the population in 1885?
98 million
What was the population in 1905?
125 million
By how many millions did the population increase by from 1885 to 1905?
27 million
During what years did the population rise by 27 million
1885 to 1905
What was growing regardless of Nicholases attempt to suppress them?
Political parties
What did emancipation mean?
More serfs competing for land
What lead to more serfs competitive for land?
Emancipation
What was the disadvantage of emancipation leading to more serfs?
Decrease in size of peasant landholdings
When were there harvest failures?
1892
1898
1901
What happened in 1892, 1898 and 1901?
Harvest failures
What did the Russo Japanese war mean?
Humiliating defeats
When was the St Petersburg made?
13th October
What did the St Petersburg Soviet do?
Organised general strikes
What was frequently found on government records
Jacqueries
Peasant attacks on Government
What caused an increase in political opposition?
Lack of National Assembly
Opposition to autocracy
What was the characteristics of Nicholas’s government?
- The govt’s reputation for its repressive nature
- And his inability to deal with social, economic and political problems including the management of the Russo-Japanese war.
What did Struve lead?
opposition in the form of liberal intelligentsia
Who led the opposition in the form of liberal intelligentsia
Sturve
What did Sturves group of intelligentsia want?
greater freedoms to be given the people including the right to free speech, free worship and the right to vote.
What happened on the 2nd of January 1905?
12,000 workers from Putilov steel workers in St Petersburg went on a strike
When did 12,000 workers from Putilov steel workers in St Petersburg went on a strike
2nd January 1905
From what company did 12,000 workers strike on the 2nd January 1905?
Putilov Steel workers in St Petersburg’s
Why did 12,000 workers from Putilov steel workers in St Petersburg went on a strike in Putilov Steel Works?
Sacked 4 workers for joining a trade union
What happened after 4 workers were sacked for joined a trade union in Putilov Steel Works?
12,000 workers striked
What happened in February 1905?
400,000 workers went on strike in protest at Bloody Sunday
When did 400,000 workers went on strike in protest
February 1905
What was the impact of a railway workers strike?
Paralysed the country
What was set up by striking workers to organise protests?
Soviets- Workers council
What was the Soviets- workers council?
Council set up by striking workers to organise protests
How many members were in the St. Petersburg soviet?
400 members
What soviet had 400 members?
St. Petersburg soviet
How many factories did the St. Petersbrug Soviet represent?
96
What soviet represented 96 factories?
St. Petersbrug Soviet
Who suffered embarrassing defeats?
Russian imperial army and navy between 1904 to 1905
What happened between 1904 to 1905?
Russian imperial army and navy suffered embarrassing defeats
When did Father Gapon (an orthodox priest) attempt to lead a peaceful march of workers and their families to the Winter Palace in St.Petersburg? They wanted to give a loyal petition to the Tsar, begging him to use royal authority to relieve their desperate conditions.
22nd of January 1905
How many were killed on Bloody Sunday?
200 protestors and many injured
In what event were 200 killed?
Bloody Sunday, 22nd of January 1905
What happened on the 22nd of January 1905?
Father Gapon (an orthodox priest) attempt to lead a peaceful march of workers and their families to the Winter Palace in St.Petersburg
They wanted to give a loyal petition to the Tsar, begging him to use royal authority to relieve their desperate conditions.
Armed infantry were released onto the protestors (instead of usual Calvary or Cossacks)
200 people killed
What happened during summer of 1905?
Sailors of the battle ship of Potemkin based in the Black Sea mutinied
When did Sailors of the battle ship of Potemkin based in the Black Sea mutiny?
Summer of 1905
What was the impact of Sailors of the battle ship of Potemkin based in the Black Sea mutiny during summer 1905?
Didn’t engender support and sailed off finding refuge in a remote part of the empire
What happened in September 1905?
Another wave of strikes ensued culminating in a general strike in October
Where were the largest Soviets formed?
St Petersburg
Moscow
What happened to restrictions on universities?
Restrictions were reduced in attempt to reduce agitation amongst students. Institutions were hotbeds for radical activities
What was happening by spring 1905?
Professors and students were holding political meetings
What did Witte propose?
Make allowances
The principle one being: create a state assembly of elected representatives of 51 provinces of the empire, to begin sitting in January 1905
Who proposed the creation of a state assembly of elected representatives of 51 provinces of the empire, to begin sitting in January 1905?
Witte
What happened in May 1905?
Paul Milykov formed a Union of Unions
When did Paul Milykov form the Union of Unions?
May 1905
Who formed the Unions of Unions on May 1905?
Paul Milykov
What was the Unions of Unions?
Groups of leaders, representing professionals, workers and zemstva. They demanded the set up of a democratically elected constituent assembly and land reform
What was the impact of terrorist groups like the Black Hundreds?
Intimidate and attack those who didn’t support the Tsar
What did the protestors on Bloody Sunday want?
8 hour working days
Minimum wage of 1 rouble a day
A say in how taxes are spent
Reform of government
Who influenced Gapons ideas?
Union of Liberation
What was the impact of the Union of Liberation?
Influenced Gapons ideas
What also happened on Bloody Sunday?
Calvary force used to put down 60,000 protestors on Palace square and it once again ended with government troops opening fire
How many Russians joined the strike?
400,000
What happened to all institutions of higher education?
Had to be shut down
What did the unions form?
Unions of unions
What was the impact of the unions of unions?
Dominated by liberals and was there link to the masses
What gave the liberals a link to the masses?
Union of unions
Between January and October 1905, how many times were the army deployed?
2,700 times
During what period were the army deployed 2,700 times?
January to October 1905
