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RT 212 > 8. Quality Control in Digital Radiography > Flashcards

8. Quality Control in Digital Radiography Flashcards

1
Q

Why is QC still needed in DR?

A

o Even when machines are initially set up
to perform properly, performance can
degrade over time.
o The combination of human and
machine can improve performance, but
at the same time can magnify errors.
o How is it possible to know whether the
imaging operation is going badly or
efficiently without active and objective
measurements of performance

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2
Q

Visible, on-going effort to collect

information about an imaging operation

A

Quality Control

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3
Q

Visible, on-going effort to collect

information about an imaging operation

A

Quality Control

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4
Q

Seeks to get the most efficient
performance from both the imaging
facility and the physician.

A

Quality Control

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5
Q

QC can detect:

A 
o Malfunctions
o Unpredictability
o Inefficient use of radiation
o High fluoroscopic outputs
o Radiation not reaching receptor
o Inadequate filtration
o Oversized collimation
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6
Q

Goals of a QC Program

A 
o Obtain acceptable image with least 
possible radiation exposure to patients 
& staff
o Attempt to identify problems before 
they appear on patient films
o Without QC, problems only detected on 
patient films
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7
Q

Components of quality control

A
  1. Acceptance Testing
  2. Establishment of baseline performance
  3. Diagnosis of changes in performance
  4. Verification of correction of deterioration
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8
Q

First opportunity to determine whether
the imaging equipment meets the
requirements of state and federal
regulatory agencies

A

Acceptance Testing

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9
Q

Special features written in the purchase

contract

A

Acceptance Testing

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10
Q

Conducted before used for patients

A

Acceptance Testing

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11
Q

Conducted in the presence of vendor
service engineer, so it can be corrected
immediately if possible

A

Acceptance Testing

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12
Q

Used to establish baseline performance

A

Acceptance Testing

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13
Q

Limits of maximum deviation from
normal before initiating corrective
action

A

Diagnosis of changes in performance

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14
Q 
If corrective action is taken, verify 
that the performance has returned 
to normal levels by conducting the 
usual test plus some additional 
comprehensive test
A

Verification of correction of

deterioration

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15
Q

Quality image that makes accurate

diagnosis possible

A

Diagnostic quality

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16
Q

Can be described in terms of

contrast, resolution, and noise

A

Diagnostic quality

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17
Q 
o Image containing information required 
by Radiologist for correct interpretation
o Goal minimize exposure while 
maintaining acceptability
o High exposure films often have 
excellent appearance
o Cardboard cassettes
A

Acceptable image

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18
Q

still uses
conventional radiographic equipment
so basic radiography quality control
resting is still needed

A

Computed radiography

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19
Q

Computed Radiography & Quality Control

A 
o Calibration of the generator
o Collimation
o Beam alignment
o Linearity of exposure
o Spatial resolution (focal spot)
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20
Q

The end product in radiography is the

image and accurate report of _____

A

findings

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21
Q

Therefore for film, the processor function, screen contact and artifact avoidance was ____

A

critical

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22
Q

With digital radiography the computer monitor, image transfer and image receptor plate become the ____ areas for quality assurance

A

critical

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23
Q

Quality of the report
and the communication
between radiologist
and clinicians

A

Physician’s interpretation of the images

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24
Q

Flowchart of the steps involves in

performing a DR exam

A

Process Map

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25
Q

Other QA activities are accomplished
through interactions between the
technologist and the patient

A

Process Map

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26
Q

Exam is explained o the patient

A

Process Map

27
Q

Verify the patient identified in
the request, anatomy to be
examined, pregnancy status
and allergies

A

Process Map

28
Q

A simple QC method is to include a
_____ on the exam request that the
RT annotates to indicate that all these
actions were taken

A

checklist

29
Q

An organized effort by the staff operating a
facility to ensure that the diagnostic images
produced are of a sufficiently high quality so
that they consistently provide adequate
diagnostic information at the lowest possible
cost and with the least possible exposure of the
patient to radiation

A

Quality assurance program
according to World Health
Organization (WHO)

30
Q

Objectives of QA Program

A 
o To maintain optimal quality of 
diagnostic images;
o To reduce unnecessary radiation 
exposure to patient and staff;
o To be cost effective
31
Q

The primary goal of a radiology _____ is
to ensure the consistent provision of prompt
and accurate diagnosis of patients

A

QA program

32
Q

QA program has many facets, including

A
  1. Quality Control tests
  2. Administrative procedures
  3. Preventive maintenance procedures
  4. Training
33
Q

An integral part of quality assurance

A

Quality Control

34
Q 
Involves specific actions designed to 
keep measurable aspects of the process 
involved in manufacturing a product 
(image) or providing a service within 
specified limits.
A

Quality Control

35
Q

Quality Control is summarized in four principal steps:

A
  1. Acceptance Testing to detect defects in
    equipment that is newly installed or has
    undergone major repair
  2. Establishment of baseline performance of the equipment (commissioning test)
  3. Detection and diagnosis of changes in
    equipment performance before they
    become apparent in images
  4. Verification that the causes of
    deterioration in equipment
    performance have been corrected
36
Q

The frequency of any QC test depends on the

following variables:

A

o The inherent variability of the process
or equipment
o The age, reliability, and frequency of
use of the equipment
o The criticality of the element in the
imaging chain

37
Q

These procedures are design to verify that QC

testing is effective, ie.

A 
I. The test are performed reqularly and 
correctly,
II. The results evaluated promptly and 
accurately
III. And the necessary action taken
38
Q 
They include recommendations 
regarding the responsibility for quality 
assurance action, staff training, 
equipment standards, and the selection 
of the appropriate equipment for each 
examination
A

Administrative Procedure

39
Q

These are performed on regularly scheduled basis with the goal of preventing breakdowns due to equipment failing without warning signs
detectable by monitoring.

A

Preventive Maintenance Procedure

40
Q

Preventive Maintenance Procedure includes

A
  1. Visual inspection of the mechanical and
    electrical characteristics of the x-ray
    system assuring cleanliness with respect
    to spilling of contaminants in the
    examination room.
  2. Following the manufacturer’s
    recommended procedures for cleaning
    and maintenance of the equipment.
  3. Regular inspection and replacement of
    switches and parts that routinely wear
    out or fail
41
Q 
The QA program include the means to 
provide appropriate training for all 
personnel with QA responsibilities to 
ensure each meet a minimum level of 
competency to perform QC test 
correctly and consistently
A

Training

42
Q 
Personnel in the QA program who are 
responsible to oversight of the QA 
program, setting the goals and 
direction, determining policies, and 
assessing the effectiveness of QA 
activities
A

Quality Assurance Committee

43
Q

They have an overall documented
strategy with clearly defined work plans to achieve the goals and objectives of
the radiology department

A

Quality Assurance Committee

44
Q

Quality Assurance Committee Includes:

A 
o Medical physicist
o Radiologist
o Biomedical engineer
o Medical imaging technologist (MIT) 
and Radiographer
o Information Technology (IT) 
Technician
45
Q

An individual who is competent to
independently practice in one or more of the
subfields in medical physics

A

Medical Physicist

46
Q

Medical Physicist

A 
-Advising the facility on radiation 
protection of the patient, staff, and 
members of the public
-Conducting tests to ensure the safety 
and proper performance of imaging 
equipment used
-Assignment of bio-medical engineering 
service staff for corrective maintenance 
or preventive actions
-Training of personnel utilized for quality 
control
- Develop and implement a radiation 
protection program
47
Q

A medical doctor who specializes in the
diagnosis and treatment of disease and injury
by using medical imaging technologies

A

Radiologist

48
Q

Radiologist

A 
-Determine the overall quality of the 
output image
-Select the technologist to be the 
primary QC technologist, performing 
the prescribed QC tests
- Ensure that appropriate test equipment 
and materials are available to perform 
the QC tests
- Ensuring that medical physicists and 
radiographers have adequate training 
and continuous education
49
Q 
use their 
knowledge of modern biological 
principles in their engineering principle 
to design and develop devices and 
procedures that solve medical and 
health-related problems
A

Biomedical Engineer

50
Q

Biomedical Engineer are involve in:

A

o Corrective and preventive
maintenance
o Fault reporting

51
Q

Medical Imaging Technologist (MIT) &

Radiographer

A 
-Ensuring that the appropriate protocol 
and technique factors are used for 
requested examination
- Ensuring that the QC tests are 
performed, interpreted, and recorded 
appropriately
- Perform all the checks for the daily, 
monthly, and quarterly QC testing of 
equipment
- Report faults immediately any deviation 
in trend of equipment performance to 
QA manager
- Undertaking additional continuous 
education courses
52
Q

A key element of any digital facility that
intends to store, review and distribute
images electronically or using hard
copy

A

Information Technology (IT) Technician

53
Q

Information Technology (IT) Technician

A

Maintenance of the integrity of system
databases to ensure continuous and
accurate operation of the information
system

54
Q

QA PROGRAM DRAWBACK

A
  • Costly

- Personnel

55
Q 
The QA program is based on, planning, 
delegating responsibility, training and 
purchasing the proper equipment, then 
establishing a high standard of quality and 
maintaining it.
A

Costly

56
Q

Personnel drawbacks

A

o Unclear responsibility
o Lack of qualification
o Lack of commitment to perform QC
test

57
Q

Any program lacking genuine interest from its
staff and initiated only to satisfy a regulatory
requirement is _____ to produce optimal
results

A

unlikely

58
Q

issues in any work

environment are very important

A

Health and safety

59
Q

All heads of department are responsible
for ensuring that injury or sickness, due
to working conditions, is kept to a
minimum

A

Health and safety

60
Q

To make the environment as safe as

possible, make certain the following:

A 
o Regular maintenance
inspections are carried out
o Safety procedures are followed
o Adequate staff instruction is given
o Safety equipment is readily available
61
Q

promote the effective use of
radiation for a diagnostic outcome
trough achieving and maintaining appropriate image quality and
reduction of patient dose

A

Quality Assurance

62
Q 
An established \_\_\_ program monitor the
imaging process from start to finish and
reveal potential problems that may
otherwise go unrecognized, through a
sequences of QC tests
A

QA

63
Q

_____ in medical imaging is a rapidly
evolving concept and each facility is
encouraged to continually pursue ways
to improve and expand its program

A

QA

RT 212 (10 decks)

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