8🍋Psychodynamic-Approaches PAPER2

Question 1

Assumptions Psychodynamic

Answer 1

-we are aware of our conscious mind, but this is only small part of what goes on in our heads, our unconscious mind is a vast storehouse of biological divers that rule our behaviour
-all human behaviour can be controlled explaining in terms of inner conflict of mind: we possess innate ‚drives’ or instincts that energise our minds to motivate behaviour as we develop through our lives , our tri part personality consists of id, ego and superego
-childhood experiences have significant importance in determining personality when we reach adulthood

Question 2

unconscious mind

Answer 2

-some memories traumatic and distressing as they remain in conscious mind, cannot forget them, therefore as defence mechanism difficult memories can be repressed in unconscious mind
-unconscious thoughts and ideas can be made visible by interpreting them when they appear in dream and through slips of tongue
-eg. calling a partner by exes name suggests unresolved feelings or lingering associations with that ex

Question 3

Id

Answer 3

-personality construct we are born with
-provides us with energy ‚libido’
-operates only on PLEASURE PRINCIPLE with little to no consideration of consequences

Question 4

Ego

Answer 4

-operates on REALITY PRINCIPLE with little
-balance drives of Id and control of superego
-not born with, developed during toddlerhood, when children realise they are their own individuals
-realise they have own desires, wants, needs, and ego forms
-centre of who you are

Question 5

Superego

Answer 5

-‚ideal’ force, most civilised, socially acceptable figure that a person strives to be
-operates on MORALITY PRINCIPLE, includes understanding of right and wrong
-opposes Id, internalisation of rules passed down from parents

Question 6

Oral

Answer 6

AGE: 0-1 years
EROGENOUS ZONE: mouth
ANTICIPATED BEHAVIOURS/FOCUS: feeding, sucking on mothers breast, sucking on dummy, exploring objects in mouth
CONSEQUENCES OF FIXATION: Orally Aggressive: signs include chewing gum or pens. Orally Passive: signs include smoking/ eating.
Fixation at this stage may result in passivity, gullibility, immaturity and manipulative personality.

Question 7

Anal

Answer 7

AGE: 2-3 years
EROGENOUS ZONE: bowel and bladder elimination
ANTICIPATED BEHAVIOURS/ FOCUS: toilet training, competition between Id impulses and ego, decide if go toilet
CONSEQUENCES OF FIXATION: Anal Retentive: obsession with organisation or excessive neatness. Anal Expulsive: reckless, careless, defiant, disorganised.

Question 8

Phallic

Answer 8

AGE: 4-6 years
EROGENOUS ZONE: genitals
ANTICIPATED BEHAVIOURS/FOCUS: boys see themselves in competition with father, girls in competition with mother, may be obsessive or jealous in future, girls may develop penis envy
CONSEQUENCES OF FIXATION: Oedipus Complex, Electra Complex

Question 9

Latency

Answer 9

AGE: 7-10 years (until puberty)
EROGENOUS ZONE: dormant sexual feelings
ANTICIPATED BEHAVIOURS/FOCUS: no major conflicts, develop hobbies, friendships, interests
CONSEQUENCES OF FIXATION: People do not tend to fixate at this stage, but if they do they tend to be extremely sexually unfulfilled

Question 10

Genital

Answer 10

AGE: 11+ (puberty and beyond)
EROGENOUS ZONE: sexual feelings mature
ANTICIPATED BEHAVIOURS/FOCUS: detachment and independence from parents, moving into adulthood, own sense of identity
CONSEQUENCES OF FIXATION: frigidity, impotence, unsatisfactory relationships

Question 11

Psychosexual Stages (old aged pensioners like gin)

Answer 11

Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Genital

Question 12

Successful Personality Development

Answer 12

-according to freud, successful development through psychosexual stages essential for healthy personality
-as we go through stages personality develops; id, ego, superego
-Freud beloved these were seperatley and conflicting forces, requiring a balance for mental health and normal behaviour

Question 13

Imbalanced forces personality

Answer 13

-if persons superego too strong, they might seem bossy, full of themselves, or think they’re always right
-if persons Id too strong, they might act rebellious, ignore rules, or only care about themselves

Question 14

Repression

Answer 14

-unwanted thoughts and painful memories are upsetting
-instead of facing them, you may unconsciously chose to hide them in hopes of forgetting
-that does not mean they disappear, and may influence future behaviours and relationships
-eg a man has a phobia of snakes but cannot remember the first time he was afraid of them, he repressed a traumatic memory involving snakes

Question 15

Denial

Answer 15

-occurs when you refuse to accept reality or facts
-you block external events or circumstances from mind so you don’t have to deal with emotional impact
-you avoid painful feelings or events
-eg a man’s wife had died but he refuses to believe it, he still leaves her arm chair empty and makes her a cup of tea

Question 16

Displacement

Answer 16

-you direct strong emotions and frustrations toward a person or object that doesn’t feel threatening
-this allows you to satisfy an impulse to react, without risking significant consequences
-eg a student gets shouted at by teacher for not completing homework, knows she cannot should back at her as she will get into trouble, so she takes her frustrations out on her friends and shouts at them

Question 17

Free Word Association

Answer 17

-test devised by Jung to show reality and autonomy of unconscious processes
-we make slips of tongue and in writing and unconsciously