2🍋Behaviourism-Approaches PAPER2

Question 1

Behaviourist 3 key assumptions

Answer 1

-Psychologists should only study observable, quantifiable behavious
-All behaviour is learned
-Humans are no different than animals, should not be regarded as more complex

Question 2

Which psychologist discovered classical conditioning?

Answer 2

Pavlov

Question 3

Classical conditioning?

Answer 3

Involves associating an involuntary reflex response with a new stimulus

Question 4

How was classical conditioning discovered?

Answer 4

-Pavlov was studying salvation in dogs
-dogs salivate when doors open
-dogs learned associate doors opening with food

Question 5

Neutral Stimulus (NS)

Answer 5

-an event that does not produce a response
-eg. pavlov experiment; opening the door

Question 6

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)

Answer 6

-an event that produces an innate, unlearned reflex response
-eg. pavlov experiment; food

Question 7

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Answer 7

-an event that produces a learned response
-eg. pavlov esperiment; opening door (associate with food)

Question 8

Unconditioned Response (UCR)

Answer 8

-an innate, unlearned reflex behaviour displayed when exposed to unconditioned stimulus
-eg. pavlovs experiment; salivation in dog when exposed to food

Question 9

Conditioned Response (CR)

Answer 9

-learned behaviour that is displayed when exposed to conditioned stimulus
-eg. pavlovs experiment; salivation in dog when door opens

Question 10

Strengths of Labatory Experiment

Answer 10

-high levels of control means reseatched can eliminate possible extraneous variables
-enables replication to verify results

Question 11

Strengths Behaviourism

Answer 11

-scientific, credible methods to investigate human behaviour
-believe all behaviour learnt, support nature nurture debate
-ideas used widely to help change negative behavious and encourage positive behaviour, behaviour modification used in schools=+prisons

Question 12

Weakness Behaviourism

Answer 12

-dont consider influence of thought and cognitive processes as they are not observable
-argue we are not in control over our own behaviour, consequences in legal system
-cannot explain spontaneous behaviour in humans through operant or classical conditioning
-use animal research, not appropriate, humans ore complex

Question 13

Who discovered Operant Conditioning

Answer 13

Skinner

Question 14

Operant Condtioning

Answer 14

-focus on stimulus - response
-learning that uses rewards and punishment to change behaviour

Question 15

How did Skinner research Operant conditioning

Answer 15

-rats in cage, when rat pressed level, rewarded with food, increased likelihood of repeated hebaviour
-variations to study, one delivered continuous shock until level pressed, one shocked rat when level pressed
-in both cases rats quickly learned what actions lead to most positive consequences

Question 16

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 16

Something is added to increase likelihood of behaviour

Question 17

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 17

Something removed to increase likelihood of behaviour

Question 18

Positive punishment

Answer 18

Something added to decrease likelihood of bhevaiour

Question 19

Negative Punishment

Answer 19

Something removed to decrease likelihood of behaviour