8. Project Quality Management Flashcards
Define the following knowledge area: Project Quality Management.
Project Quality Management.
8.1 Understand the three project management processes in the project quality management knowledge area
Implement the processes to ensure compliance with Quality Standards & Requirements as well as your organization’s quality mission / policy
- 1 Plan Quality Management
- 2 Manage Quality
- 3 Control Quality
Define the following process: Plan Quality Management.
- 1 Plan Quality Management.
* 8.1 Understand the three project management processes in the project quality management knowledge area*
(P) - Identify quality requirements/standards for the project and its deliverables, and document how the project will demonstrate compliance with quality requirements and/or standards.
- what are quality requirements
- how to comply with requirements
Benefit: Guidance on how quality will be managed
Performed once with other planning processes
Outputs: Quality Mgmt Plan, Quality matrics, PM plan updates, project doc updates
Define the following process: Manage Quality.
- 2 Manage Quality.
* 8.1 Understand the three project management processes in the project quality management knowledge area*
(E) - Translate quality mgmt plan into quality activities & correct processes are followed. Work being performed.
Benefit: Increase probability of meeting quality objectives
- identify ineffective processes & causes of poor quality
- Focus on work being performed
- Are procedures being followed correctly?
- Will we meet quality criteria?
PMBOK Guide, Sixth Edition, 8.2 - Manage Quality, p. 288
Define the following process: Control Quality.
8.3 Control Quality.
(MC) - The process of monitoring and recording results of executing the quality management activities in order to assess performance and ensure the project outputs are complete, correct, and meet customer expectations.
Monitor performance & results of quality on deliverable
- inspections and testing to verify deliverable
- Root cause analysis
Benefit: verify deliverables & work meets requirements
Performed throughout
PMBOK Guide, Sixth Edition, 8.3 - Control Quality, p. 298
Identify the inputs, tools, techniques, and outputs of the following process: Plan Quality Management.
Plan Quality Management - ITTO
Output: Quality Mgmt Plan, Quality Metrics, PM plan updates, Project Doc updates
Identify the inputs, tools, techniques, and outputs of the following process: Manage Quality.
Manage Quality - ITTO
Identify the inputs, tools, techniques, and outputs of the following process: Control Quality.
Control Quality - ITTO
8.2 Identify the input, tools, techniques, and outputs defined in the three quality management processes
Identify tailoring considerations for Project Quality Management.
Identify tailoring considerations for Project Quality Management.
8.3 Understand the reasons for and approaches to adapting quality management in different project environments
- Policy compliance and auditing.
- Standards and regulatory compliance.
- Continuous improvement.
- Stakeholder engagement. Info = quality
PMBOK Guide, Sixth Edition, 8 - Project Quality Management, p. 276
Identify special considerations for agile/adaptive environments in Project Quality Management.
Identify special considerations for agile/adaptive environments in Project Quality Management.
8.3 Understand the reasons for and approaches to adapting quality management in different project environments
- In order to navigate changes, agile methods call for frequent quality and review steps built in throughout the project rather than toward the end of the project.
- Recurring retrospectives regularly check on the effectiveness of the quality processes. They look for the root cause of issues then suggest trials of new approaches to improve quality. Subsequent retrospectives evaluate any trial processes to determine if they are working and should be continued or new adjusting or should be dropped from use.
- In order to facilitate frequent, incremental delivery, agile methods focus on small batches of work, incoporating as many elements of project deliverables as possible. Small batch systems aim to uncover inconsistencies and quality issues earlier in the project life cycle when the overall costs of change are lower.
PMBOK Guide, Sixth Edition, 8 - Project Quality Management, p. 276
Identify quality tools and approaches for continuous improvement
8.4 Identify quality tools and approaches for continuous improvement
- Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA)
- Total Quality Management (TQM)
- Six Sigma
- Lean Six Sigma
PMBOK Guide, Sixth Edition, 8 - Project Quality Management, p. 275
Identify the key concepts for Project Quality Management.
Not an objective from the study guide.
tl;dr
- [management of the project and deliverables]
- [quality v. grade]
- [prevention v. inspection]
- [sampling]
- [tolerances and control limits]
- [cost of quality]
- [incorporate quality!]
quotes
- [management of the project and deliverables] Project Quality Management addresses the management of the project and the deliverables of the project. It applies to all projects, regardless of the nature of their deliverables. Quality measures and techniques are specific to the type of deliverables being produced by the project.
- [quality v. grade] Quality and grade are different concepts. Quality is “the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills requirements” (ISO 9000) [international Standards Organization. 2015. Quality Management Systems – Fundamentals and Vocabulary. Geneva: Author.] Grade is a category assigned to deliverables having the same functional use but different technical characteristics. The project manager and team are responsible for managing trade-offs associated with delivering the required levels of both quality and grade.
- [prevention v. inspection] Prevention is preferred over inspection. It is better to design quality into deliverables, rather than to find quality issues during inspection. The cost of preventing mistakes is generally much less than the cost of correcting mistakes when they are found by inspection or during usage.
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[sampling] Project managers may need to be familiar with sampling. Attribute sampling (the result either conforms or does not conform) and variable sampling (the result is rated on a continuous scale that measures the degree of conformity).
Statistical Sampling - (part of population inspected) - [tolerances and control limits] Many projects establish tolerances and control limits for project and product measurements. Tolerances (the specified range of acceptable results) and control limits (the boundaries of common variation in a statistically stable process or process performance).
- [cost of quality] The cost of quality (COQ) includes all costs incurred over the life of the product by investment in preventing nonconformance to requirements, appraising the product or service for conformance to requirements, and failing to meet requirements (rework). Cost of quality is often the concern of program management, portfolio management, the PMO, or operations.
- [incorporate quality!] The most effective quality management is achieved when quality is incorporated into the planning and designing of the project and product, and when organizational culture is aware and committed to quality.
PMBOK Guide, Sixth Edition, Appendix X4 – X4.5 – Key Concepts for Project Quality Management, p. 675
Prevention vs Inspection
[prevention v. inspection] Prevention is preferred over inspection. It is better to design quality into deliverables, rather than to find quality issues during inspection. The cost of preventing mistakes is generally much less than the cost of correcting mistakes when they are found by inspection or during usage.
Quality vs Grade
[quality v. grade] Quality and grade are different concepts. Quality is “the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills requirements” (ISO 9000) [international Standards Organization.] Grade is a category assigned to deliverables having the same functional use but different technical characteristics. The project manager and team are responsible for managing trade-offs associated with delivering the required levels of both quality and grade.
Cost of Quality
Cost of Conformance - Money spent during the project to avoid failure
- Prevention Costs - Training, equipment
- Appraisal Costs - Testing, Inspections
Cost of Nonconformance - Money spent during and after the project because of failure
- Internal Failure Costs - rework, scrap
- External Failure Costs - liabilities, warranty, lost business
Quality Conformance vs Quality nonconformance -
Quality Conformance- degree product meets established quality requirements
Quality nonconformance - degree product doesn’t meet established quality requirements - requires more COQ
