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Pharmacology I > 8. Pharmacology of the autonomic nervous system: Pharmacology of the sympathetic nervous system (sympathomimetics, sympatholytics) > Flashcards

8. Pharmacology of the autonomic nervous system: Pharmacology of the sympathetic nervous system (sympathomimetics, sympatholytics) Flashcards

1
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Fight or flight

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2
Q

Sympathomimetics

A

Mimics the effects of transmitter substances of the sympathetic nervous system

  • Delays premature labour
  • Postganglionic sympathetic terminals
  • Used in the treatment of:
    • Cardiac arrest
    • ↓ BP
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3
Q

Give examples of sympathomimetics

A
  • Catecholamines
  • Adrenaline
  • Noradrenaline
  • Dopamine
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4
Q

List the categories of sympathomimetics

A
  • Nonspecific
  • Specific
  • β2 agonists
  • α-adrenoceptor agonists
  • α2 agonists
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5
Q

Sympathomimetic effect: Eye

A
  • ↑ Aqueous humour production
  • Mydriasis
    • ​m. constrictor pupillae inhibition
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6
Q

Sympathomimetic effect: Cardiovascular system

A
  • Positive chronotropic (β1 agonist)
  • Inotropic effect (β1 antagonist)
  • Vasoconstriction (α1 agonist)
  • Vasodilation (β2 agonist)
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7
Q

Sympathomimetic effect: GI tract

A

SM relaxation (α2 agonist)

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8
Q

Sympathomimetic effect: Respiratory tract

A

Bronchodilation (β2 agonist)

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9
Q

Sympathomimetic effect: Urinary tract

A

↑ Sphincter constriction

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10
Q

List some nonspecific sympathomimetics

A
  • Adrenaline
  • Noradrenaline
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11
Q

Adrenaline

A
  • Positive inotropic, dromotropic, chronotropic effect (↑systolic pressure)
  • Vasodilation in muscle
  • ↓ Total peripheral resistance
  • Arrhythmogenic
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12
Q

Noradrenaline

A

↑ Blood pressure

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13
Q

List some specific sympathomimetics

A
  • Dobutamine
  • Isoproterenol
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14
Q

Dobutamine

A

Mainly β1 receptors (cardiac effect)

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15
Q

Isoproterenol

A

Only β receptors

(Heary, bronchi, muscle, vessels)

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16
Q

List some β2 agonists

A
  • Clenbuterol
  • Salbutamol
  • Terpuraline
17
Q

β2 agonist function

A
  • Bronchodilation
  • Uterus relaxation
  • COPD
  • Feline asthma
  • Bronchopneumonia
  • Tracheal hypoplasia & collapse
18
Q

List some α-adrenoceptor agonists

A
  • Phenylephrine
  • Phenylpropanolamine
19
Q

Phenylephrine effect

A
  • Vasoconstriction (α1)
  • Allergy
  • Hypotension
20
Q

Phenylpropanolamine effect

A

Urinary bladder constriction (α1)

21
Q

α2 agonists (Give examples)

A

Sedato-hypnotics

  • Xylazine
  • Detomidine
  • Medetomidine
  • Romifidine
22
Q

Sympatholytics

A

Inhibit postganglionic functioning of the sympathetic nervous system

  • α-blockers
  • β-blockers
23
Q

α-adrenoceptor antagonist examples

A
  • Nonspecific - Phenoxybenzamine
  • α1 – Prazosine
  • α2 – yohimbine
24
Q

β-adrenoceptor antagonist examples

A
  • Nonspecific - Propranolol
  • Specific - Metoprolole

Pharmacology I (19 decks)

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