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Occupational References > 8. NAVEDTRA 12012 Harmony (CH 1-18) > Flashcards

8. NAVEDTRA 12012 Harmony (CH 1-18) Flashcards

1
Q

Vertical combinations of musical tones and their succession is the study of what?

A

Harmony

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2
Q

The structure and relationship between horizontal combinations of musical tones and their succession is the study of what?

A

Counterpoint

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3
Q

Harmonic progression establishes tonality how?

A

Vertically

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4
Q

Melodic progressions establish tonality how?

A

Horizontally

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5
Q

When successions center on a key it’s called this.

A

Progressions

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6
Q

Primary Tones are also known as what?

A

“Tonal Notes”

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7
Q

What scale degrees are the primary tones in a key?

A

1, 4, 5

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8
Q

Secondary tones are also known as what?

A

“Modal Notes”

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9
Q

What scale degrees are the secondary tones in a key?

A

3, 6, 7

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10
Q

Why is Supertonic not classified as Primary or Secondary?

A

Tendency to be Secondary, however, it can have the effect of a Primary

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11
Q

Primary and secondary triads are based on what?

A

Primary and Secondary tones (P: I, IV, V & S: iii, vi, Viio)

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12
Q

What is the range of a Soprano voice?

A

c1 - a2

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13
Q

What is the range of a Alto voice?

A

small g - d2

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14
Q

What is the range of a Tenor voice?

A

small c - a1

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15
Q

What is the range of a Bass voice?

A

Great F - d1

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16
Q

What are the 2 types of melodic motion?

A

Conjunct & Disjunct

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17
Q

Step-wise motion defines…..

A

Conjunct

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18
Q

Leap-wise motion defines…

A

Disjunct

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19
Q

The most frequent motion following Disjunct motion greater than a 5th is what?

A

Conjunct in the opposite direction

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20
Q

T/F: Melodies containing 2 consecutive moves in the same direction forming a compound interval are preferred.

A

FALSE - It is FORBIDDEN (cue sinister laugh)

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21
Q

T/F: It is rare for a melody to have 2 or 3 consecutive moves in the same direction forming an octave or greater.

A

TRUE

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22
Q

What is the normal/max range of a melody?

A

One octave

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23
Q

These 3 intervals are FORBIDDEN in melody writing.

A

Augmented, Compound, & Major 7ths

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24
Q

What melodic movement should follow a minor 7th or a diminished interval?

A

Conjunct / Opposite

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25
Q

In melody writing, how many tendency tones can you have in a row?

A

No more than 2

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26
Q

Define PHRASE

A

A short musical thought, normally 2-4 measures long

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27
Q

Melodic or Harmonic cessation/caesura accomplishes what?

A

REPOSE

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28
Q

Another word for REPOSE.

A

CADENCE

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29
Q

How many phrases form a PERIOD?

A

2

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30
Q

Which comes first - Antecedent or Consequent?

A

Antecedent

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31
Q

Rhythms appear in what order of frequency?

A

Regular
Irregular
Uniform
Syncopation

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32
Q

If the interval between SOPRANO & TENOR is a simple interval, this is called…

A

Close Position

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33
Q

If the interval between SOPRANO & TENOR is a compound interval, this is called…

A

Open Position

34
Q

What voices are considered when determining Open or Close position?

A

Soprano & Tenor

35
Q

T/F: Compound intervals are allowed between Soprano & Alto, or Alto & Tenor.

A

FALSE - only Soprano & Tenor OR Bass and all other voices

36
Q

What is the lowest Bass note for a minor 6th between Bass & Tenor?

A

Great G

37
Q

What is the lowest Bass note for a tritone between Bass & Tenor?

A

Great B

38
Q

What is the lowest Bass note for a Major/minor 3rd between Bass & Tenor?

A

small c

39
Q

What is the lowest Bass note for a Major/minor 2nd between Bass & Tenor?

A

small e

40
Q

What are “Lower Interval Limits?”

A

Limitations on lowest note in Bass when using simple intervals between Bass & Tenor.

41
Q

Name 2 types of indirect motion.

A

Contrary & Oblique

42
Q

Name 2 types of direct motion.

A

Similar and Parallel

43
Q

T/F: Indirect motion is typically preferred over Direct motion.

A

TRUE

44
Q

In what voices are Parallel Perfect 4ths acceptable?

A

Upper 3

45
Q

What type of parallel motion can destroy the four-part texture?

A

Octaves, Unisons, P5s, & parallel dissonant intervals (2, 4, 7, Aug, & Dim).

46
Q

What voices should you check for Hidden P5s or P8s?

A

SOPRANO & BASS

47
Q

Name 4 types of Objectionable Motion.

A
  1. Hidden/Covered Unison, P5, P8 (Hidden Unisons are FORBIDDEN)
  2. Parallels by Contrary Motion (PP5’s & PP8s must not occur)
  3. Crossed Voices (lower voice has higher pitch than adjacent upper voice)
  4. Overlapping Voices
48
Q

What is the primary means of establishing a key?

A

Movement from V to I

49
Q

What is the general rule of doubling for four part writing?

A

Double Tonal Notes (1, 4, 5)

50
Q

The Major Dominant chord in a minor key is borrowed from where?

A

Parallel Major (this is what creates the Harmonic minor scale)

51
Q

Arabic numerals used for figured bass indicate what?

A

Notes above the bass voice, primarily as simple intervals

52
Q

Primary triads in root position can be used to form what 3 types of cadences?

A

Authentic
Plagal
Half

53
Q

What defines an authentic cadence?

A

Movement of V to I at a cadence point

54
Q

Name the elements of a Perfect Authentic Cadence.

A
  • Both chords in ROOT position (V-I)
  • TONIC in SOPRANO (on I chord)
  • Occurs most often as a final cadence*
55
Q

Name the elements of an Imperfect Authentic Cadence.

A

-Either chord is INVERTED
and/or
-ROOT is not in Soprano (on I chord)

56
Q

Name the elements of a Perfect Plagal Cadence.

A

Same as Perfect Authentic, except movement is from IV to I (as opposed to V to I)

57
Q

Name the elements of an Imperfect Plagal Cadence.

A

Same as Perfect Authentic, except movement is from IV to I (as opposed to V to I)

58
Q

This cadence typically follows a final authentic cadence to emphasize finality.

A

Plagal Cadence

59
Q

Any chord moving to a Dominant at a cadence point is considered what?

A

Half Cadence

60
Q

What is a Plagal Half Cadence?

A

Any chord moving to IV at a cadence point (IV will be in ROOT position)

61
Q

What inversion is the Dominant chord in a Half Cadence?

A

Typically, ROOT position.

62
Q

What is a Picardy Third?

A

Major Tonic at an authentic cadence in a minor key (borrowed from its parallel Major)

63
Q

Primary triads in ROOT position can move to what?

A
  • any chord can follow itself
  • I to IV or V
  • IV to V or I
  • V to I OR V to IV if IV goes immediately back to V
64
Q

If the ROOT of a chord is in the bass, this is what?

A

ROOT position

65
Q

If the THIRD of a chord is in the bass, this is what?

A

FIRST inversion

66
Q

If the FIFTH of a chord is in the bass, this is what?

A

SECOND inversion

67
Q

What is the figured bass for 1st Inversion with the ROOT doubled?

A

6/6/3
6/3
or
6*

68
Q

What is the figured bass for 1st Inversion with the FIFTH doubled?

A

6/3/3

69
Q

What is the figured bass for 1st Inversion with the THIRD doubled?

A

8/6/3

70
Q

ROOT tripled and FIFTH omitted in a 1st inversion triad would have what figured bass?

A

6/6/6 (this is evil & rarely used so AVOID)

71
Q

Primary triads in 1st Inversion move the same as root position. However, one movement in particular is not allowed. It is…

A

Minor 1st Inv Subdominant (iv6)
to
Major 1st Inv Dominant (V)
It creates an Aug 2nd in Bass

72
Q

Using inversions in minor keys creates what?

A

Phrygian Cadence

73
Q

This type of Half Cadence has subdominant to dominant voice leading in the Soprano.

A

Phrygian Cadence (iv6 to V#)

74
Q

What note is doubled on ALL 2nd Inversions?

A

FIFTH

75
Q

2nd Inversion chords are also known as what?

A

“SIX-FOUR” chords

76
Q

Figured bass for a 2nd Inversion chord (with 5th doubled) is…

A

8/6/4
or
6/4*

77
Q
  • Most widely used SIX-FOUR
  • TONIC to DOMINANT at cadence
  • 6th & 4th resolve DOWN by STEP to 5th & 3rd
A

CADENTIAL

78
Q

What are the requirements of be a PASSING SIX-FOUR?

A
  • appears between ROOT position TONIC & some other 1st Inv chord
  • appears in a weak rhythmic position
79
Q

A PEDAL SIX-FOUR is also known as…

A

AUXILLIARY SIX-FOUR

80
Q

A 2nd Inversion chord appearing between 2 of the same chords - both in ROOT position - might indicate what type of SIX-FOUR chord?

A

AUXILLIARY or PEDAL

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