8: Leadership Flashcards
Define leadership
Leadership: behavioural process which one person influences another person, group by attaining a specific set of objectives or goals
Understand the relationship between personality and leadership
Five Factor Model: Big 5 OCEAN associated with leader emergence and effectiveness
-Openness to experience, conscientiousness, higher extraversion, lower neuroticism
-Higher extraversion = strongest relationship
Similarity/dissimilarity
Similar in extraversion and openness = improved relationship quality
Dissimilar in extraversion and openness = lower commitment and relatedness
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Personality and LDP
Personality traits may play a role in shaping leadership emergence and effectiveness
Degree of similarity between coaches and athletes may enable the coach athlete relationship
what affects follower outcome
Leadership style (stable characteristic) or behaviour (change and fluxuates) + Situational Constraints = Follower outcome
Contingency model
- Situational favourableness: effectiveness of leadership styles dependant on how much control leader has over situation
- Situational control: quality of relationship, tasks and goals, clear authority
- -Task oriented leadership (goals and performance) more effective when
- –Leader has high situational control= high quality of relationship
- –Team is performing poorly
- –Task and goals being pursued are clear
- –Understand process, performance, outcome
- -Relationship oriented leadership (quality relationship) more effective when
- –Leader has moderate levels of situational control
Describe the components of path goal theory
Path Goal Theory: leadership dependant on situation and leader’s behaviour
1. Directive path clarifying behaviour:
Ensures athletes know their roles and responsibilities
Actions are effective
2. Supportive behaviour:
includes emotional, esteem, informational, tangible (driving team to competition)
3. Participative leader behaviour:
involves consulting with others and gaining input
4. Achievement oriented behaviour:
Consists of leaders having high expectations and confidence in followers
Describe the components of multidimensional model of leadership
Multidimensional Model of Leadership (MML): examines leadership behaviour in the context of sports and effects of relationship to athlete satisfaction and team performance
Conceptualizes leadership as an interactional process
Encompassses the leader, members, and organizational context
Evaluates leadership effective through:
Team member satisfaction
Athlete performance
Slide 16- MML
SLIDE 16 DIAGRAM
Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS) scale
scale designed to assess five leadership behaviours/dimensions: training and instruction, positive feedback, social support, autocratic behaviours, democratic behaviours
Full Range of Leadership
Laissez-faire TRANSACTIONAL LEADERSHIP (Management by Exception- Passive, Management by Exception- Active, Contingent Reward) TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP (Idealized Influence, Inspired Motivation, Individualized Consideration, Intellectual Stimulation)
Laissez-faire
Indifference, hesitant to make decisions
Ex) non-leadership: coach disengaged
TRANSACTIONAL LEADERSHIP
- exchanges between leader and person using rewards and recognition, compliance maximizing behaviours
Management by Exception- Passive: waiting for mistakes to arise and then provide corrective direction and punitive action
Ex) Coach not correcting until athlete makes mistake, athlete is then punished
Management by Exception- Active: active monitoring of task execution and providing corrective direction
Ex) Coach provides corrective direction
Contingent Reward: Providing rewards and recognition that is contingent on the successful execution of tasks and role responsibilities
Augmentation effect: leaders need to augment use of “stick and carrot” transactional behaviours with transformational leadership Ex) good observation and corrective instruction and rewards and recognition (contingent reward) with transformational leadership
TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP
actions that put aside one’s interests with the purpose of empowering, inspiring, challenging others to achieve a high level of functioning
4i’s of transformational leadership
Idealized Influence: engender trust and respect, demonstration of personally held values
Ex) Philosophy for players to choose to have a positive attitude in interactions
Trust and respect = positive effect in participation
Speaking about ideals = effect on student’s own ideals and values
Inspired Motivation: communicating high expectations, inspiring and energizing
others to go beyond minimal standards (practice what you preach)
Ex) Optimism during adversity
Encouraging = more engagement in leisure time physical activities
Individualized Consideration: Recognizing individual’s needs, genuine sense of concern and empathy
Ex) Relate and communicate with every athlete on team
Empathy and understanding = major effect on students attitudes
Names = teacher cares
Genuine care and concern = foster student improvement
Intellectual Stimulation: encouraging others to approach old problems in new ways, contribute new/alternative solutions
Ex) Ability to get players to think differently about various team systems
Thinking for themselves = positive response
Autonomy and independent inquiry = enjoy physical education
why transformational leadership is important
Leadership behaviours are important, predicts student/athletes:
Attitudes, motivation, performance, well being
Transformational leadership (in Physical Education)
Improved beliefs and attitudes Greater motivation/self efficacy Greater enjoyment and satisfaction Improved engagement and satisfaction Improved involvement in leisure time activity Greater effort in class Developed by genetics and environmental factors Influenced by parents
