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Sports Psychology KIN 150 > 4: Stress > Flashcards

4: Stress Flashcards

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1
Q

stress

A

an experience by person where resources cannot meet demands of the environment

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2
Q

stress response

A

physiological, behavioural, emotional reactions to stress

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3
Q

stressor

A

percieved demands person appraises as stressful

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4
Q

CMRT

A

cognitive motivational relational theory: theory that 15 core emotions (pos/neg) can relational theme that describes relationship between person and environmental

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5
Q

describe 5 sources of stress in sports

A
  1. psychological: self doubt, self criticism, performance anxiety
  2. physical: body, injuries, again
  3. social: coach, teammateaes, ppl watching
  4. environmental: weather, setting
  5. career: job safety
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6
Q

acute/chronic stressor

A

acute: short period of time ex) opponent scores
chronic: long period of time
ex) coach conflict, negative though patterns

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7
Q

expected/unexpected stressor

A

unexpected more stressful bc unprepared, not anticipated

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8
Q

describe the appraisal process

A
  • key for identifying what’s stressful
  • occurs rapidly together, can move back and forth
    primary: WHAT is stressful, “WHAT’S at stake”
    secondary: HOW can i change, “WHAT can be done”
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9
Q

describe appraisal process- secondary appraisal

A

evaluation of situations

  • harm/loss appraisal: psychological damage/loss already occured
  • threat app: anticipating harm may occur
  • challenge: will be hard, but i can overcome challenge
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10
Q

competitive/non competitive stressors

A
  • comp: before/during/immediately competition (results, injury, poor officiating)
  • noncomp: still related to sport but not directly related to performance (team meetings, travelling, rehab, media)
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11
Q

non competitive stressors

A

include environmental stressors (indiviual’s organization)

  1. Intrinsic factors (training, competition load, travel injury)
  2. Roles (team captain)
  3. Career (income, fundings)
  4. Relationships (support, leadership)
  5. Organization/climate part
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12
Q

emotions

A

response to event/quick, quick onsetm short duration, cognitive appraisal, distinct physiological patterns, subjective feelings)

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13
Q

endocrine response

A

-emotion/stress characterized by cortisol/epinephrine
+positive emotions: greater cognitive activity in left prefrontal cortical areas in brain
-negative emotions: in right prefontal cortical areas in brain

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14
Q

emotions and facial expressions

A

emotions linked to disinct facial expressions

  • happiness: raised eyebrows, smiling, widening eyes
    anger: furrowed eyeborw, frowinging, lips pressed firmly
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15
Q

physiologocal effects linked to anxiety

A

increased heart rate, respiratory rate, skin conductance

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16
Q

difference in cardiovascular patterns of threat and challenge appraisal

A

both increased heart rate, stroke volume, global, cardiac output
difference in phenomena and cardiovascular levels
challenge: increase ventricular contraction, decrease in vascular resistance
threat: increase ventricular contraction, no decrease in vascular resistance -> high BP

17
Q

coping

A

dynamic process where indivual puts in cognitive and behavioural efforts to manage appraised stressors
-manage external and internal demands

18
Q

management skills

A

routine/autonomic process athletes in to prevent stress from happening in first place
ex) soccer player wearing shinguards bc angry when other people kick him becomes routine

19
Q

how are coping and management skills related

A

-stress management is dynamic (constantly changing), coping strategy could become routine -> management skill

20
Q

what does coping depend on

A

coping resources and perceived outcome

21
Q

micro analytic approach

A

organize/describe how athletes cope

22
Q

macro analytic approach

A

organize/categorize WHY athletes use particular coping strategies based on goals/functions of coping

23
Q

describe 3 macro-level distinction

A

-problem focused coping
efforts directed at changing transaction/stressor directly
ex) new equipment, new game plan
-emotion focused coping
efforts directed at changing emotional response without changing transaction
ex)convincing self no one cares what exercise their doing
-avoidance coping: athlete removes/disengages mentally/physically from situation
ex)quitting

24
Q

Coping Inventory for Competitive Sports

A
  • for Francophone, Anglopphone
  • integrate micro and macro

coping DIMENSIONS for coping strategies

  • task: thought control, logical analysis, seeking support, mental imagery
  • distracted: mental distraction/mental
  • disengagement: venting, disengagement
25
Q

coping dimensions

A

-task orienteed: dealing w source of stress and thoughts/emotion
problem focused + emotional focused
ex) logical analysis, effort expenditure, thought control, mental imagery, seeking support
-disengagement: disengagment during goal reaching
ex) venting, withdrawal
-distraction: distance/mental distraction

26
Q

adaptive vs maladaptive

A

adaptive: more positive outcomes, related to problem focused
maladaptive: more negative outcomes, avoidance outcome

27
Q

emotion regulation

A
  • indiviuals which emotions they have/express/when/how they experience
  • conscious/effortful and autonomic/unconsious
28
Q

emotion regulation strategies

A
  1. Situational selection: actions to increase likelihood of being in situations that promote desired emotion
    ex) choose which seat
  2. Situation modification: influence situation directly
    ex)apology for body checking
  3. Attentional deployment:
    direct attention towards or away from situation
    ex) rumination, avoidance
  4. Cognitive change: change emotional significance by changing how one thinks about event
    “I didn’t make top 5, I can challenge someone else and get more watertime and improve.”
  5. Response modulation: physiological, behavioural, experiential to regulate emotions
    ex) hiding anger at ref for making call
29
Q

difference between coping and and outcome of coping

A

coping is putting in efforts to deal with stress, outcome is result of coping efforts

30
Q

perceived coping effectiveness

A

based on athletes perceived outcome if the coping reduced the unwanted stressor

31
Q

good news coping and bad news coping

A

good news: organized, flexible, contstructive attempts

bad news: rigid, disorganized, destructive

32
Q

achievement outcomes of task orienteed

A

task orienteed likely to attain better outcomes because more focused on goals and self improvement

33
Q

emotional outcomes

A
  • task orienteed: positive emotional states

- avoidance: negatively related to negative states

34
Q

physical outcomes

A

improving coping skills and decrease risk of injury because anxiety contributes to mnuscle tension, change in information perception

35
Q

describe factors that affect coping

A

gender
-no real proof but women might have to manage self presentation in beach bolleyball
culture
-culture strongly influences our values and what we find important
-indiviual characteristics: age/development/experience, personality, cognitive appraisal
-social/environment: coaching/teammates

36
Q

burnout

A

condition 3 characteristics: physical exhaustion, deevaulate sport, deevaulate achievements

37
Q

coping/emotion regulation interventions

A
  • self compassion: desire to be moved by one’s suffering, wants to reduce suffering
  • 3 characteristics: self kindness, mindfulness, common humanity
38
Q

strategies for improving coping

A
  • expressive writing: part of therapeutal process- can look back and self reflect, give disclose (somewhere to release pain)
  • training logs/journal: what worked or what didnt work and why, allows you to anticipate for future stressors

Sports Psychology KIN 150 (9 decks)

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