8. Hebrew Pronouns Flashcards
What is a pronoun?
A word that replaces a noun.
What is the antecedent?
The noun that a pronoun refers back to.
‘Moses was one hundred and twenty years old when he died’
he** is the **pronoun** that refers to **Moses**, the **antecedent
What are the different kinds of pronouns in Hebrew?
- Personal
- Demonstrative
- Relative
- Interrogative
Why is the independent personal pronoun labeled independent?
Because it stands alone and is not prefixed or suffixed to another word.
Describe the independent personal pronoun
Personal pronouns can be first, second, or third person and either singular or plural.
First person pronouns are common, meaning that they may refer to either masculine or feminine nouns, whereas second and third person pronouns have both masculine and feminine forms.
What are the two uses of the independent personal pronoun?
- They occur in conjunction with verbs.
- They occur in a predicative relationship – a form of the verb ‘to be’ must be supplied (see example)
What are the English demonstratives?
This, these, that and those
How do demonstratives affect a word’s specificity?
They increase the level of specificity
No article: a man
Definite article: the man
Demonstrative pronoun/adjective: this man
How is the demonstrative used as an adjective in English?
This man, those women
How is the demonstrative used as a pronoun in English?
This is the man, those are the women
What does ‘common’ mean in Hebew?
Not inflected for gender
What will happen when a demonstrative functions as an adjective?
It will follow the noun it modified, and agree in gender, number, and definiteness.
What is the word order when an attributive adjective is introduced into a demonstrative adjective?
Noun > Adjective > Demonstrative adjective
What will happen when a demonstrative functions as an pronoun?
It will precede the noun and agree in gender and number but not definiteness
What is the word order when an attributive adjective is introduced into a demonstrative pronoun?
Demonstrative adjective > Noun > Adjective
What are the major relative pronouns in English?
Who, whom, whose, that and which
What does a relative pronoun do?
It introduces a relative clause that modifies a noun.
E.g. Happy is the person who studies Hebrew
Does the **relative pronoun **ever change in form?
No, it does not inflect to indicate gender and number of its antecedent.
In the following examples, when the relative pronoun introduces a relative clause, it immediately follows the noun it is modifying.
What are interrogative pronouns?
Interrogative pronouns are used to ask a question.
What does the interrogative particle do?
The interrogative particle is prefixed to the first word of a sentence to turn the sentence into a question.
When does the interrogative particle appear with Hateph Pathach?
When it is prefixed to most consonants
When does the interrogative particle appear with Pathach?
When it is prefixed to a guttural, or any consonant with Shewa
When does the interrogative particle appear with Seghol?
When it is prefixed to a guttural consonant followed by Qamets
How do you distinguish the interrogative particle from the definite article?
- The interrogative particle does not normally have an associated Daghesh Forte
- Often the interrogative particle will be prefixed to a verbal form or another particle – which do not take the definite article
- The Hateph Pathach of the interrogative particle is not one of the spellings of the definite article
