4. Hebrew Nouns Flashcards
Masculine singular noun ending
endingless
Feminine singular noun ending
Masculine plural noun ending
Feminine plural noun ending
Masculine dual noun ending
Feminine dual noun ending
Which three words are always dual in form?
Heaven
Egypt
Water
How is the feminine plural ending sometimes defective?
Spelt with a Holem rather than a Holem Waw
What numbers can Hebrew nouns take?
Single, Plural or Dual
What gender can Hebrew nouns have?
Masculine or Feminine.
Some nouns are masculine and feminine.
What is the lexical form of any noun?
The lexical form for any noun is the singular form
What is a crossdressing noun?
A **crossdressing **noun is a singular noun of one gender taking the plural ending of the other gender.
Eg ‘Father’ is masculine in singular, feminine in plural.
Are all endingless nouns masculine?
No, some endingless nouns are feminine, though this is rare.
What is the stem of a noun?
The stem is the original combination of consonants that make up a particular word.
Define irregular stem change
Irregular stem change is when the consonantal stem is changed with the addition of plural endings
Which nouns pluralize with no change to the vowels?
Nouns of this type may be monosyllabic with an unchangeable long vowel.
Nouns of this type may also be composed of two syllables with Shewa or Hateph Pathach in the first syllable and an unchangeable long vowel in the second syllable.
Which nouns will experience propretonic reduction?
Two-syllable nouns that are accented on the final syllable and have either Qamets or Tsere in the first (or pretonic) syllable
What is propretonic reduction?
When a Qamets or Tsere in an open, propretonic syllable reduces to Shewa
Does propretonic reduction always reduce to Shewa?
No, nouns with an initial gutteral consonant cannot take a Vocal Shewa but prefer a Hateph Pathach
What is a Segholate noun?
A two-syllable noun that is accented on the first syllable.
They typically (but not always) have two Sehgol vowels.
What is the vowel pattern for a Segholate noun in the plural?
A Vocal Shewa or a Hateph vowel under the first consonant, and Qamets under the second consonant.
What is a Geminate noun?
A noun that appears to have only two root consonants, but that originally had three consonants, of which the last two consonants were identical.
What happens when a Geminate noun is pluralised?
The consonant that originally appeared twice will now be written once with Daghesh Forte.
(The ‘twin’ has reappeared)
What is the first rule of Shewa?
Two side-by-side Shewas are not allowed to occur at the beginning of a word.
The first Shewa becomes a Hireq in a closed syllable.
What is the exception to the first rule of Shewa?
When a word begins with a Yod + Shewa. In this case a Hireq Yod is created.
What is the second rule of Shewa?
Applies to syllables that have a guttural consonant followed by a reduced or Hateph vowel. The preposition takes the corresponding short vowel of the guttural’s reduced vowel.
What is the exception to the second rule of Shewa?
When a preposition is attached to Elohim, the Tsere under the preposition is occasioned by the quiescing of the Aleph.
