3. Syllabification and Pronunciation Flashcards
What is the first rule of syllabification?
Every syllable must begin with one consonant and have only one vowel
What is the second rule of syllabification?
There are only two types of syllables: open and closed
What is an open syllable?
A syllable that ends with a vowel
What is a closed syllable?
A syllable that ends with a consonant
Where are Hebrew words usually accented?
Hebrew words are usually accented on the last syllable
What indicates that a word is not stressed on the last syllable?
The use of an accent mark over the stressed syllable
How are syllables classified in Hebrew?
Syllables are classified by their proximity to the accent
What is the name for the accented syllable?
The Tonic syllable
(or tone syllable)
What is the name for the syllable before the accented syllable?
The Pretonic syllable
What is the name for the syllable before the pretonic syllable?
The Propretonic syllable
What is the name for the last syllable of a word (regardless of accent)?
The ultima
What is the name for the next-to-last syllable of a word (regardless of accent)?
The penultima
What is the name for the syllable before the penultima?
The antepenultima
What does the Daghesh Forte do to a consonant?
It doubles the value of a consonant
What is the first rule for identifying whether a begadkephat is a **Daghesh Forte **or Lene?
- The Dahesh in a begadkephat is a Forte if preceded by a vowel
What is the second rule for identifying whether a begadkephat is a Daghesh Forte or Lene?
- The Dahesh in a begadkephat is a Lene if preceded by a consonant
What is the third rule for identifying whether a begadkephat is a Daghesh Forte or Lene?
- A begadkephat letter at the beginning of a word takes a Daghesh Lene unless the previous word ends in a vowel
When will a Vocal Shewa always occur?
The Vocal Shewa will always occur in an open syllable
When is a Shewa Silent?
The Shewa is silent if the previous vowel is short
(In most other circumstances it is vocal)
Where there are two contiguous Shewas, which is silent?
The first of two contiguous Shewas within a word is silent
(The second is Vocal, except when it is at the end of a word)
When is a Shewa vocal?
The Shewa is vocal if not immediately preceded by a short vowel
Will an Initial Shewa (first vowel of a word) be vocal or silent?
Initial Shewa is always vocal
Is a Shewa under a consonant with Daghesh Forte vocal or silent?
A Shewa under any consonant with Daghesh Forte is vocal
What kind of Shewa can a guttural take?
A guttural can only take a Silent Shewa
When does the Qamets Hatuf occur?
The Qamets Hatuf occurs only in a closed and unaccented syllable
Which word occurs most frequently with a Qamets Hatuf?
- kol*
- all of, each of, every*
When does Qamets occur?
Qamets prefers an *open, pretonic *syllable or a closed, unaccented syllable
What symbol is used to distinguish between Qamets and Qamets Hatuf?
The Metheg
A small vertical line to the left of a Qamets
What does a Metheg signify?
The presence of a Qamets, and not a Qamets Hatuf
What is a Furtive Pathach?
When a word ends in Het or Ayin a Pathach may appear beneath this consonant and must be pronounced before the guttural (e.g. rûah)
What is a Quiescent Alef?
When Alef occurs without a vowel, it is quiescent – it is not considered a consonant within the rules of syllabification
What is the most common Hebrew diphthong?
ayi
