8: gilded age pt 2

Question 1

“New” immigrants

Answer 1

From SE Europe (Italy, Greece, Russia, and more) who were typically Roman-Catholic

Question 2

American Protective Association

Answer 2

Organization who opposed all immigration to the US

Question 3

Anti-Immigration League

Answer 3

Only wanted “desirable” immigrants to be able to have citizenship in the US

Question 4

Patronage

Answer 4

(Typically with political machines / bosses) a system in which candidates could buy their way to government positions

Question 5

Clarence Darrow

Answer 5

Lawyer who proposed that environment and upbringing could cause people to become criminals or be in poverty, and these factors weren’t usually a consequence of being inherently lazy or un-hardworking

Question 6

Louis Sullivan

Answer 6

Architect who built large, steel buildings for industrial corporations, which weren’t particularly attractive but were very functional

Question 7

Wabash v. Illinois

Answer 7

Supreme Court ruling that the federal government, rather than state governments, had the power to regulate railroad rates across state boundaries

Question 8

Crime of 1873

Answer 8

Farmers’ attitude toward the Mint Act of 1873 (under President Grant), which reduced the amount of silver being minted and promoted the gold standard.

Question 9

Cross of Gold speech

Answer 9

William Jenning Bryan’s speech in the 1896 election which argued strongly for bimetallism and the unlimited coinage of gold and silver so that farmers could prosper. Bryan ended up being elected for the Democratic Convention, who was forced to take on Populist views.

Question 10

Changes in education

Answer 10

• More women (not the majority, but more) had access to education (like Mary Lease)
• Morrill Land Grant Acts granted land to establish universities
• Compulsory attendance became the standard throughout most of the country (rather than just MA, where the ideas of Horace Mann had originated and had the most influence)
• Scientific inquiry encouraged
• America seen on the same intellectual level as Europe for the first time
• New fields in the social sciences emerged (psychology, sociology, etc.)

Question 11

Republican Party traits

Answer 11

• Stirred resentment in party by reminding them of how the Democrats had betrayed the country in civil war
• Supported by reformers and African-Americans
• Supported temperance / prohibition
• Pro-business
• High tariffs

Question 12

Democratic Party beliefs

Answer 12

• States rights
• Limited federal power
• Anti-prohibition
• Low tariffs
• Catholics, Lutherans, and Jews

Question 13

March to Washington / Coxey’s Army

Answer 13

Result of the economic depression from 1893 - 1897, in which many people marched to urge the government to create more jobs (but did not succeed)

Question 14

Stances on gold vs. silver

Answer 14

• Farmers and Populists wanted more paper money in circulation so that crop prices would rise (deflation)
• In 1896, Democrats were split: Some sided with Bryan and argued for unlimited coining of silver
• Others joined Cleveland’s (former Dem. president) faction, the Gold Bug Democrats, who wanted unlimited coining of gold
• Both Democratic groups were pro-bimetallism
• Republicans wanted the gold standard (and less silver in circulation)