6: civil war

Question 1

Compromise of 1850

Answer 1

CA admitted as free state
Utah and Mew Mexico under popular sovereignty
Fugitive slave law passed so Northerners have to help bring escaped slaves back to South

Question 2

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Answer 2

Divided territory into Kansas & Nebraska (slavery in Kansas would be determined by pop. sovereignty so it could exist if people voted for it, contrary to old Missouri Compromise that completely outlawed slavery in territories N of 36’30)

Question 3

Bleeding Kansas

Answer 3

Proslavery mob sacked Lawrence (abolition headquarters in Kansas)
In response, John Brown and his sons killed 5 proslavery advocates
Caning of Charles Sumner

Question 4

Crittenden Compromise

Answer 4

Last-ditch effort to preserve the Union after S secession but before war began: If Southern states rejoined, slavery would be constitutionally protected in states South of 36’30 (rejected)

Question 5

Antietam

Answer 5

Confederacy fails to get decisive victory -> no foreign aid
Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation (shifts focus from reunification to abolition)

Question 6

Confiscation Acts

Answer 6

Acts that allowed African-Americans to join Union army during the war

Question 7

Decline of the Confederacy

Answer 7

Rapidly decreasing food and supplies (no foreign aid)
March to the Sea destroyed infrastructure and caused many to abandon Confederate cause
Vicksburg, Gettysburg, Appomattox Courthouse

Question 8

Wade-Davis Plan

Answer 8

(Pocket-vetoed) proposed by Congress who wanted to reassert power after Lincoln’s exectutive decisions during war: 50% of Confederates have to declare loyalty

Question 9

Andrew Johnson’s plan

Answer 9

Disenfranchisement of Confed leaders but also pardoned many of them (back into office soon)

Question 10

Reconstruction Acts of 1867

Answer 10

Part of Congressional Reconstruction - placed South under military control

Question 11

Civil Rights Act of 1866

Answer 11

Declared Black / freedpeople citizens and protected against Black codes - evolved into 14th Amendment

Question 12

Civil Rights Act of 1875

Answer 12

Prohibited segregation (but weakly forced - later repealed by S. court)

Question 13

Compromise of 1877

Answer 13

Hayes (Republican) could become President in exchange for demilitarization of the South (ended Reconstruction Era)

Question 14

Ostend Manifesto

Answer 14

President Pierce’s secret plan in 1852 to buy Cuba from Spain (found out and rejected by Congress)

Question 15

Split of the Whig Party

Answer 15

Whigs who supported slavery joined the Democrats (mostly Southern)
Whigs who opposed slavery formed the New Republican Party

Question 16

Presidents in this era

Answer 16

Zachary Taylor (Dem), Millard Fillmore (Whig), Franklin Pierce (Dem), James Buchanan (Dem), Abraham Lincoln (Rep), Andrew Johnson (Dem), Ulysses Grant (Rep), Rutherford Hayes (Rep)

Question 17

Freeport Doctrine

Answer 17

Douglas’ doctrine that, despite the Dred Scott case (which federally protected the institution of slavery and deemed it lawful), slavery could be outlawed in territories if popular sovereignty ruled it so.

Question 18

Homestead Act (1862)

Answer 18

An act passed that allowed families to settle in Western land for free if they farmed the land for 5 years

Question 19

Morrill Land Grant Act (1862)

Answer 19

An act that encouraged states to use the money from land grants to build/maintain schools, colleges, and other centers for education

Question 20

Greenbacks

Answer 20

Paper money printed by the North in order for the government to finance the war

Question 21

War technologies

Answer 21

New technologies that made the Civil War deadlier than previous wars, including the repeating / automatic rifle, ironclad, and submarine, as well as more efficient (ie, the telegraph)

Question 22

Black Codes

Answer 22

Rules (not necessarily laws - more like social codes / rules) in the Reconstruction South, in which (freed) Blacks weren’t allowed to engage in certain activities, like testifying against whites and holding certain offices

Question 23

13th Amendment

Answer 23

Outlawed slavery (except as punishment)

Question 24

14th Amendment

Answer 24

Declared that all people born or naturalized in the United States citizens (reversed Dred Scott v. Sandford)

Question 25

15th Amendment

Answer 25

Declared that all men could vote, regardless of race, status, or other factors

Question 26

Scalawags

Answer 26

Derogatory term for Southerners who supported Reconstruction (seen as traitors by anti-Reconstruction Southerners)

Question 27

Carpetbaggers

Answer 27

Derogatory term for Northerners who went to the South after the Civil War for economic opportunity

Question 28

Booker T. Washington / Atlanta Compromise

Answer 28

African-American leader Booker T. Washington commended the opportunities that Black people now had in the South and urged white Southerners to trust Black citizens for mutual advancement in agriculture/industry; however, he condoned segregation, which was met by concern from many Black people

Question 29

Confiscation Acts

Answer 29

Acts passed by the Union that allowed them to seize enemy (Confederate) property, including slaves - many slaves joined Union army

Question 30

Radical Republicans

Answer 30

Supported immediate abolition and emancipation

Question 31

Moderate Republicans

Answer 31

Republicans who prioritized the interests of the white middle class rather than African-Americans (were free-soilers because they did not want slavery to expand into lands that white people deserved, in their eyes)

Question 32

Copperheads

Answer 32

Citizens (typically of the Democratic Party) who wanted immediate peace with the Confederacy (meaning to allow slavery) to preserve the Union