8. Evolution by Natural Selection Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the defintion of natural selection?

A

interaction between organisms and their environment that causes differental reproduction of different phenotypes and thereby alters the gene pool of a population

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2
Q

What is the definition of fitness?

A

how successful an animal is in passing on its alleles to future generations

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3
Q

What are the two sources of genetic variation in a population?

A

new alleles
new combinations of existing alleles

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4
Q

What are the six modes of natural selection?

A

directional selection
divergent selection
stabilizing selection
artificial selection
sexual selection
kin selection

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5
Q

What is directional selection?

A

removing individuals at one extreme shifting the population average in the other direction

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6
Q

What is divergent selection?

A

removing individuals from the average of the bell curve leading to new species

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7
Q

What is stabilizing selection?

A

both extremes of a trait are selected against driving the population closer to the average

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8
Q

What is artifical selection?

A

used to achieve desired traits through controlled mating

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9
Q

What is sexual selection?

A

when mates do not choose randomly

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10
Q

What is kin selection?

A

animals that live socially often share their alleles with other individuals and will sacrifice themselves for the sake of the alleles they share

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