Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HOS Unit 3 > 8 Ear > Flashcards

8 Ear Flashcards

1
Q

the inner ear consists of two fluid filled compartments called?

A

bony labyrinth

membranous labyrinth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the two types of hearing loss?

A

conductive ( everything before the hair cells)

sensorineural (everything after and including the hair cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the pinna?

A

the Auricle or external ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what gives the pinna its deformable characteristics?

A

elastic cartilage core with epidermal covering.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does the stapes insert into?

A

the (oval) vestibular window.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the external auditory meatus made of?

A

outer 1/3 cartilaginous

inner 2/3 bony

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the name of the modified apocrine sweat gland of the ear called? what does it secrete?

A

ceruminous gland

secretes ear cerumen (wax)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the tympanic membrane is considered to be what part of the ear?

A

middle ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the function of the auditory tube?

A

it connects the nasopharynx to the middle ear to allow equilibrium of pressures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

name the ossicles from lateral to medial?

A

malleus, incus, stapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

why are children prone to otitis media?

A

because they often have kinks in the auditory tube which does not it drain well. This allows the build up of pus and pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which way does the tympanic membrane bend?

A

concave inwardly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the umbo of the tympanic membrane?

A

where the manubrium of the malleus attaches to the tympanic membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

If you see grey translucence while looking at the tympanic membrane what does this mean?

A

Normal exam. It is when you see bulging white areas with tenderness that you can diagnose otisis media.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the bony labyrinth?

A

the hollow space within the temporal bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what lines the bones of the middle ear surrounding the bony labyrinth?

A

either endosteum of periosteum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is perilymph?

A

the fluid of the inner ear that is very similar to CSF. Allows the passage of wave signals.

Actually connected to CSF through perilymphatic duct.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the organ of corti?

A

the area in the inner ear (cochlea) that holds hair cells and responds to pressure signals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what makes endolymph in the cochlea?

A

stria vascularis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the difference between perilymph and endolymph?

A

Perilymph is an extracellular fluid located within the cochlea in two of its three compartments: the scala tympani and scala vestibuli.

The membranous labyrinth is contained within the bony labyrinth, and within the membranous labyrinth is a fluid called endolymph. Endolymph fills the cochlear duct (scala media).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the relative concentrations of K+ and Na+ of the endolymph?

A

Endolymph has high K+ and Low Na+ like the inside of a cell would have.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the four sensory structures?

A

cochlea
utricle
saccule
semicircular canals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

All neurosensory transduction of the inner ear involves movement of what?

A

endolymph against a glycoprotein matrix with stimulates hair cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how are hair cells activated?

A

at neutral position, they are weakly active
bend to the (-) side complete inactivity
bent to the (+) side complete activity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is Kinocilium?

A

-When the hair cell (stereocilia) is bent towards the kinocilium, it results in membrane depolarization.

26
Q

The axons originating from the hair cells of the cochlea eventually make up which nerve?

A

Cochlear nerve which is part of CN #8

27
Q

where do the semicircular canals originate from?

A

the Utricle

28
Q

What senses the movement of the fluid in the utricle and saccule? which directions are they oriented?

A
  • The macula of the utricle and saccule sense movement.
  • The macula of the utricle senses horizontal motion
  • The macula of the saccule senses vertical motion
29
Q

what connects the utricle and saccule?

A

the utriculosaccular duct.

30
Q

what is the gelatenous goo that hair cells penetrate in the utricle and saccule?

A

otolithic membrane.

31
Q

the utricle and saccule respond to what?

A

changes in linear acceleration.

32
Q

The free surface of the otolithic membrane bears what?

A

-otoconia
They are a gelatinous matrix in the saccule and utricle. They help to dampen out movements and prevent one from becoming dizzy with minor movements.

33
Q

the semicircular ducts are oriented in which planes?

A

all planes (X,Y,Z)

34
Q

semicircular ducts respond to what?

A

changes in rotational acceleration.

35
Q

what senses the movement of the fluids in the semicircular canals?

A

The Cristae ampullaris.
They are located in the ampullae of the semicircular canals and are equivalent to the maculae of the utricle and saccule.

36
Q

what is another name for neuroepithelial area?

A

cristae

37
Q

what is the gelatenous goo of the semicircular canals that the stereocilia are imbedded in called?

A

gelatenous cupula. It is important to note that cupula lacks otoconia unlike the utricle and saccule.

38
Q

Is the fluid within the semicircular canals perilymph or endolymph?

A

endolymph

39
Q

Where are the impulses from the maculae and cristae relayed to?

A

vestibular ganglion, and on to the vestibular division of CN #8

40
Q

In the cochlea, there are both inner and outer hair cells. Which of the two send signals directly to CN #8?

A

the inner hair cells.

41
Q

what is the central pedestal of spongy bone located in the cochlea called?

A

modiolus.

42
Q

how many times does the cochlea spiral?

A

2.5 times

43
Q

what are the three areas of the cochlea called?

A

scala vestibuli
scala timpani
scala media (cochlear duct with hair cells)

44
Q

What is the source of all endolymph?

A

stria vascularis

45
Q

what is the helacotrema?

A

the tip of the cochlea where the scala vestibuli meets with the scala timpani.

46
Q

what is the organ of corti?

A

The part of the inner ear that rests on the basilar membrane, and resides within the scala media.

47
Q

hair cells send projections into what within the cochlea?

A

tectorial membrane which is gelatinous.

48
Q

what is another name for hair cells?

A

neurosensory cells.

49
Q

impulses from hair cells of the cochlea are picked up by neurons of what?

A

the spiral ganglion

they are then passed on to the cochlear division of CN #8

50
Q

Overview of how sound waver create hearing…

A

1) vibration of tympanic membrane (malleous, incus, stapes)
2) compression of oval window (vestibular window)
3) pressure wave in perilymph transmitted through cochlea
4) basilar membrane displaced, organ of corti stimulated.
5) Pressure inward relieved at round window outward.

51
Q

high frequency sounds/vibrations are most picked up where? low frequency?

A

high-at the base of the cochlea

low-at the tip of the cochlea

52
Q

most of the inner ear is derived from what? What mesodermal layer is this?

A

the otic placode.

surface ectoderm.

53
Q

where is the external auditory meatus derived from?

A

the first pharyngeal CLEFT ectoderm

54
Q

where is the auditoy tuby derived from?

A

the first pharyngeal POUCH endoderm

55
Q

where do the ossicles come from?

A

the NCC’s

56
Q

what is otitis media?

A

classic ear infection usually resulting from lack of drainage of the middle ear.

57
Q

what is otosclerosis? How frequent is it?

A

hearing loss due to an abnormal bone that grows in the middle ear. Affects 10% of the population.

58
Q

what are some of the main reasons for hair cell loss?

A

loud noises

aminoglycoside antibiotics

59
Q

what is menieres disease?

A

disorder of endolymph production or absorbtion. causes severe vertigo.

60
Q

what does a cochlear implant replace?

A

they are substitutes for hair cells.

61
Q

What happens when vibrations are present in the scala timpani?

A

It will displace(vibrate) the basilar membrane and activate the hair cells in the organ of corti.

HOS Unit 3 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions