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HOS Unit 3 > 2 Red Cells > Flashcards

2 Red Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What provides strength and flexibility to RBC?

A

membrane and cytoskeleton

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2
Q

Are RBCs biconcave?

A

yes- deformability to go through splenic sinusoids

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3
Q

Laboratory measurements of RBC? men or women have more?

A

hemoglobin, hematocrit, count, cell size

Men (not diff in cell size though)

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4
Q

What is a network of structural proteins sitting below the plasma membrane of RBCs?

A

cytoskeleton

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5
Q

What is the predominant RBC cytoskeletal protein?

A

spectrin- 2 polypeptide chains which form heterodimers (HEADS ASSOCIATE TO EACH OTHER AND TAILS ATTACH TO PROTEIN 4.1 AND GLYCOPHORIN C)

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6
Q

What protein anchors cytoskeleton to lipid membrane?

A

Ankyrin through Band 3

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7
Q

What other items does tail of spectrin attach to?

A

protein 4.1 and glycophorin c

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8
Q

Which protein functions in anion transport (bicarb for chloride?

A

Band 3

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9
Q

What does mutations in ankyrin lead to?

A

loss of spectrin—>membrane loss, spherocyte shape and loss of normal deformability

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10
Q

Nutritional factors important for erythropoiesis?

A

Folate, B12 and Iron

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11
Q

Where is iron absorbed?

A

duodenum

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12
Q

What does iron bind after passing through mucosal cell?>

A

transferrin

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13
Q

What does RBC have to receive iron?

A

transferrin receptors—>endocytosed—>iron released

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14
Q

What happens with red cell senescence?

A

Red cells are engulfed by macrophages and the iron is extracted from hemoglobin—>plasma—> binds transferrin again

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15
Q

Where does most iron used for hemoglobin come from?

A

macrophages…only a small amount from dietary iron

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16
Q

What is an iron storage protein that sequesters iron in a non-toxic form but makes available for re-utilization?

A

Ferritin

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17
Q

Iron in excess of tissue needs is stored where?

A

liver

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18
Q

What contains 80% of body’s iron?

A

Red Cells

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19
Q

What measurements signal low iron?

A

serum iron low
transferrin high
ferritin low
(remember transferrin is measured as its total binding capacity. low iron means mor transferrin available)

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20
Q

What is needed to convert deoxyuridine to thymidine?

A

Folate

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21
Q

What vitamin is necessary for folate regeneration?

A

B12

22
Q

Lack of folate or B12 leads to?

A

impaired DNA synthesis and megaloblastic anemia

23
Q

Most abundant intracellular protein?

A

hemoglobin

24
Q

3 components of hemoglobin?

A

globin, protoporphyrin, and iron

25
Q

How many chains in hemoglobin?

A

4 globin chains, 2 alpha and 2 beta

26
Q

basic steps of hemoglobin production?

A

iron+porphyrin =heme

heme +globin= hemoglobin

27
Q

type of hemoglobin? 2 alphas and 2 betas?

A

Hemoglobin A

28
Q

type of hemoglobin? 2 alphas and 2 deltas

A

Hemoglobin A2

29
Q

type of hemoglobin? 2 alphas and 2 gammas

A

hemoglobin f - fetal hemoglobin is major hemoglobin during later stages of fetal development and at birth

30
Q

What does high pH, low DPG and low temp lead to for O2 dissociation curve?

A

Increased affinity (less dissociation) left shift

31
Q

T or F- RBCs don’t have a nucleus, but do have mitochondria?

A

False–they have neither

32
Q

How does a RBC generate energy? major pathway?

A

glycolysis, Embden Meyerhof pathway

33
Q

1 molecule of glucose lead to how many ATP in RBCs?

A

2 and an NADH

34
Q

Deficiencies in Embden Meyerhof pathway lead to what?

A

hemolytic anemia

35
Q

How does body limit oxidative damage?

A

hexose monophosphate shunt—-> produces glutathione which detoxifies H2O2

36
Q

Patients deficient with G6PD?

A

decrease glutathione—>oxidative damage—> hemolytic anemia

37
Q

What pathway leads to 2,3 BPG?

A

Luebering-Rappaport Pathway

38
Q

What pathway maintains iron in the ferrous state?

A

Methemoglobin reductase pathway

39
Q

Heme is broken down by proteolytic enzymes into what subsets?

A

iron, amino acids, porphyrin

40
Q

What becomes of porphyrin?

A

bilirubin—>conjugated in liver and excreted

41
Q

What are RBC blood groups made of?

A

glycosphingolipids, glycophorins, lipoproteins

42
Q

T or F– c terminal sugar determines the RBC antigen?

A

F- n terminal

43
Q

which blood type has N-acetylgalactosamine as an N terminal sugar?

A

Blood Type A

44
Q

Which blood type has n terminal d-galactose?

A

Blood Type B

45
Q

Which blood type has no antibodies against blood antigens?

A

AB

46
Q

Blood D antigen positive is also called?

A

Rh+ and Rh- for D antigen negative
Rh negative individuals only develop anti Rh antibodies after exposure (pregnancy or blood transfusion) otherwise there are no natural occurring Rh antibodies.

47
Q

What type of antibodies are for the ABO blood group?

A

IgM

48
Q

What type of antibodies are for the Rh blood group?

A

IgG

49
Q

T-F Surface antigens A and B are found on many cells?

A

True

50
Q

T-F surface antigens D (Rh), Cc and E are found on many cells?

A

False just erythrocytes

51
Q

Does Rh or ABO blood group antigens have natural occurring antibodies?

A

ABO

HOS Unit 3 (9 decks)

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