3 White Blood Cells

Question 1

T/F phagocytes are involved in wound healing?

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What are the granulocytes?

Answer 2

The 3 “Phils.” (Baso, eosino, neutron)

Question 3

What are the phagocytes?

Answer 3

Monocytes (and derivatives) plus the 3 “phils”

Question 4

Neutrophil characteristics?

Answer 4

Short life, rapid movement

Question 5

Eosinophil characteristics?

Answer 5

Usually in tissue, can phagocytose, more often use granules on parasites, allergens, tumors
Memory: “Ew I blew allergic snot on myself! Ew I have a parasite! Ew I have a tumor!”

Question 6

Basophil characteristics?

Answer 6

Usually in tissue, release granules in immediate hypersensitivity rxns (heparin, histamine)

Question 7

Monocyte characteristics?

Answer 7

Circulate briefly, move to tissue and live 2-3 months once specialized.

Question 8

What is a rough normal white cell count?

Answer 8

3.7-10.5 K/mm3

Question 9

What stimulates stem cells to become colony forming units?

Answer 9

IL-3

Question 10

What stimulates colony forming units to proliferate, and to become granulocyte-monocyte colonies?

Answer 10

GM-CSF

Question 11

What differentiates colony forming units to become granulocytes?

Answer 11

G-CSF (the others follow the same pattern, ex. monocyte-CSF. The exception is eosinophils)

Question 12

What differentiates colony forming units to become eosinophils?

Answer 12

IL-5

Question 13

Neutrophils take how long to make?

Answer 13

6-10 days (can be shorter under stress)

Question 14

Which cells in stages of differentiation are capable of division? Which are not?

Answer 14

• Stem, progenitor, blasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes

- Metamyelocytes, band, PMN’s,

Question 15

T/F the bone marrow does not contain mature neutrophils?

Answer 15

F. Contains 7x as many as the vascular pool

Question 16

In blood, does the marginal or circulating pool have more PMN’s?

Answer 16

Same, unless they come out of marginal pool when under stress.

Question 17

Where are marginal pool PMN’s hanging out?

Answer 17

Stuck to endothelium

Question 18

How long does a PMN circulate b4 entering tissue?

Answer 18

7 hrs (then enter tissue or die)

Question 19

What are contained in neutrophil granules?

Answer 19

elastase, defensins, cathelicidin (recall: kills gram+/- bacteria), lysozyme, lactoferrin

Question 20

What are the stages of granulocyte differentiation?

Answer 20

myeloblast->
promyelocyte-> (1 or 2 immature “azurophilic” granules present)
myelocyte-> (color-specific granules appear)
metamyelocyte->
band->
1 of 3 “phil” cells

Question 21

What takes place in endothelial activation prior to diapedesis? (NOT lymphocyte activation, which would activate the integrin on the lymphocyte)

Answer 21

-E then P selectin express at sites of inflammation

Question 22

What is responsible for leukocyte rolling?

Answer 22

L-selectin (receptor on lymphocyte) binding carbohydrate lignands on endothelial cells

Question 23

What causes firm leukocyte adherence to endothelium?

Answer 23

-Integrins on leukocyte get activated to adhere firmly to ICAM-1 (recall: CCR7 activated by CCL19 or CCL21)

Question 24

What causes diapedesis?

Answer 24

CD31 or PECAM-1 (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule)

Question 25

What causes neutrophil chemotaxis?

Answer 25

C5a, IL-8, N-formyl-methyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (from bacteria)

Question 26

How do neutrophils recognize bacteria?

Answer 26

C3b and IgG opsonization

Question 27

What are phagocytic extensions called? What is created once something is phagocytosed?

Answer 27

• Pseudopods

- Phagosome

Question 28

What turns a phagosome into a phagolysosome?

Answer 28

Degranulation of lysosomal granules

Question 29

Sequence that creates bleach?

Answer 29

O2 + NADPH (NADPH oxidase)
O2- (Superoxide dismutase)
H2O2 (Myeloperoxidase)
HOCL

Note: O2- and H2O2 can combine via nonenzymatic Fe to make OH* (radical)

Question 30

T/F Nitric oxide participates in viral killing?

Answer 30

F. Bacterial killing.

Question 31

Why would a person have increased neutrophil count?

Answer 31

-Infection or inability to undergo diapedesis