8. Cultural Sensitivity

Question 1

According to the proceedings from the _______, issues of diversity will have an increasing impact on the imaging profession in this century.

Answer 1

American Society of Radiologic Technologists (ASRT) National Education Consensus

Question 2

has adopted a position statement consistent with the goals of cultural competency

Answer 2

American Society of Radiologic Technologists (ASRT) House of Delegates

Question 3

ASRT

Answer 3

American Society of Radiologic Technologists

Question 4

is not defined merely as a variety of ethnicities.

Answer 4

Diversity

Question 5

is differences rooted in culture, age, experience, health status, gender, sexual orientation, racial or ethnic identity, mental abilities, and other aspects of sociocultural description and socioeconomic status.

Answer 5

Diversity

Question 6

include physical and mental health, sexual orientation, age, ethnicity, and gender.

Answer 6

Primary dimensions

Question 7

include income, marital status, geographic location, education, and religion.

Answer 7

Secondary dimensions

Question 8

Adaptation of resources for people of all backgrounds is termed

Answer 8

Multiculturalism

Question 9

is respect for the diversity of the many ways of knowing beyond the Western model, brought about by a broadening of learning and an opening of the mind to new ways of thought.

Answer 9

Multiculturalism

Question 10

The encouragement of diversity requires individuals to move beyond the ______ by broadening their learning and opening their minds to new forms of thought.

Answer 10

Western tradition

Question 11

Imaging professionals should be able to recognize the interaction patterns commonly encountered when issues of diversity are discussed. These interaction patterns are labeled _____ because of their common word endings.

Answer 11

-isms

Question 12

are prejudgments entailing a tendency to judge others according to a standard considered ideal or presumed to be “normal.”

Answer 12

-isms

Question 13

are grounded in bias, prejudicial in attitude, and discriminatory in their behavioral expression.

Answer 13

-isms

Question 14

is centered on personal judgment, regardless of evidence.

Answer 14

-isms

Question 15

The assumption that people who are able bodied and of sound mind are physically or developmentally superior to those who are physically or developmentally disabled or otherwise different.

Answer 15

ableism

Question 16

occurs when medical professionals do not offer choices to patients who are chronically ill because they assume such patients do not want to or cannot make decisions.

Answer 16

ableism

Question 17

The assumption that adults are superior to youths and can or should control, direct, reprimand, and reward them or deprive them of respect.

Answer 17

adultism

Question 18

Children in American society are often interrupted or ignored by adults. They may not be given choices that allow them to feel they have some control over a situation.

Answer 18

adultism

Question 19

The assumption that members of one age group are superior to those of others.

Answer 19

ageism

Question 20

Young patients and staff members may not be taken as seriously as those who are older; in other circumstances, older persons may be discredited in favor of those who are younger.

Answer 20

ageism

Question 21

The assumption that certain people are superior because of their social status, economic status, or position in a group or organization.

Answer 21

classism, or elitism

Question 22

This prejudgment assumes that those with more money or education are superior to people lacking in money or formal schooling.

Answer 22

classism, or elitism

Question 23

may occur in medicine if a poorly dressed high school dropout is not given the same treatment options offered to a well-dressed college graduate

Answer 23

classism, or elitism

Question 24

The assumption that oneself is superior to others.

Answer 24

egocentrism

Question 25

has occurred if a person (e.g., a staff member) who has never been diagnosed with a mental illness feels superior to a patient with a mental illness

Answer 25

egocentrism

Question 26

The assumption that one’s own cultural or ethnic group is superior to that of others.

Answer 26

ethnocentrism

Question 27

An organization or country may be ______ if it expects all persons regardless of country of origin to speak a certain language or know a set of implicit rules for conduct that may be peculiar to that organization or country.

Answer 27

ethnocentric

Question 28

refers to cultural differences other than race.

Answer 28

Ethnicity

Question 29

The assumption that everyone is, or should be, heterosexual and that heterosexuality is superior and expectable.

Answer 29

heterosexism

Question 30

The assumption that members of one race are superior to those of another.

Answer 30

racism

Question 31

refers to presumed biologic differences based on skin color.

Answer 31

Race

Question 32

The assumption that members of one sex are superior to those of the other.

Answer 32

sexism

Question 33

For example, women have historically been viewed as being less rational and more emotional than men.

Answer 33

sexism

Question 34

The assumption that people of one body size are superior to or better than those of other shapes and sizes.

Answer 34

sizism

Question 35

Positions involving interaction with the public, for example, may be denied to individuals who are very heavy or otherwise fail to meet arbitrary standards of ideal appearance

Answer 35

sizism

Question 36

The assumption that one society’s intellectual methods or actions are superior to the ways of other societies.

Answer 36

sociocentrism

Question 37

For instances, Western medical practitioners may feel that biomedicine is effective and folk medicines are not, even when strong evidence exists that this is not always the case.

Answer 37

sociocentrism

Question 38

Many traditional societies have highly effective, community-oriented forms of treatment.

Answer 38

sociocentrism

Question 39

also enter into some diversity challenges

Answer 39

Truthfulness and confidentiality

Question 40

may be diminished or lost in situations in which patients are having life decisions made for them by others but need to share information with the radiologist that they do not wish the rest of the family to know

Answer 40

Confidentiality

Question 41

is a set of congruent behaviors, attitudes, and policies coming together in a system or agency or among professionals that enables effective interactions in a crosscultural framework.

Answer 41

Cultural competence

Question 42

is providing readily available, culturally appropriate oral and written language services to “limited English proficiency” (LEP) patients through bilingual and bicultural staff, trained medical interpreters, and qualified translators.

Answer 42

Linguistic competence

Question 43

LEP

Answer 43

limited English proficiency

Question 44

is probably the most significant barrier to cultural competency.

Answer 44

Language

Question 45

In some _____ populations, coins are rubbed on the skin for healing. This can leave marks on the skin, which may cause health professionals to suspect abuse.

Answer 45

Asian

Question 46

Certain _____ cultures consider that the health care practitioner who looks at a child without touching the child is putting the “evil eye” on the child.

Answer 46

Mexican

Question 47

In some _____ cultures, males do not feel they can talk about health issues in front of females from their families.

Answer 47

Asian

Question 48

In _____ cultures, women traditionally care for women and men for men.

Answer 48

Saudi Arabian

Question 49

will have a competitive edge in the job market.

Answer 49

Multilingual technologists

Question 50

Many employment discrimination cases involve situations in which employees feel they have been treated differently from other similarly employed individuals. These are called

Answer 50

disparate treatment cases

Question 51

Employment discrimination also may be claimed if the policies of an employer have an unfair impact on employees who belong to protected groups (such as women). These are called

Answer 51

disparate impact cases

Question 52

Employment discrimination also includes retaliatory actions by employers against employees who exercise their rights under antidiscrimination statutes. Guidance on such cases was established in the landmark _______ and clarified through many other cases.

Answer 52

1973 U.S. Supreme Court case of McDonnell Douglas v Green

Question 53

established that to make a claim of employment discrimination, the employee must first establish a prima facie case.

Answer 53

McDonnell Douglas

Question 54

McDonnell Douglas established that to make a claim of employment discrimination, the employee must first establish a prima facie case. This means that the employee, or complainant, must first show that the following conditions have been met:

Answer 54

- The complainant belongs to a protected class (e.g., woman, ethnic or racial minority, disabled). - The complainant was qualified for the position. - Despite the qualifications, the complainant was not hired or was discharged - The employer continued to look for an individual with the complainant’s qualifications to fill the position or hired an individual less qualified than the complainant who was not a member of that protected class.

Question 55

is what must be proved by a complainant making a claim of employment discrimination.

Answer 55

prima facie case of employment discrimination

Question 56

It requires complainants to prove they belong to a protected class, were qualified for the position, were not hired or were discharged, and after their discharge, the employer continued to look for an individual with the complainant’s qualifications to fill the position or hired an individual less qualified than the complainant who was not a member of that protected class.

Answer 56

prima facie case of employment discrimination

Question 57

includes unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal and physical conduct of a sexual nature

Answer 57

Sexual harassment

Question 58

has established guidelines defining sexual harassment

Answer 58

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)

Question 59

Harassment on the basis of sex is a violation of

Answer 59

Section 703 of Title VII

Question 60

Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal and physical conduct of a sexual nature constitute sexual harassment when:

Answer 60

(1) submission to such conduct is made either explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of an individual’s employment, (2) submission to or rejection of such conduct by an individual is used as the basis for employment decisions affecting such individual, or (3) such conduct has the purpose or effect of unreasonably interfering with an individual’s work performance or creating an intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment.

Question 61

occurs when initial or continued employment or advancement depends on sexual conduct

Answer 61

Quid pro quo sexual harassment

Question 62

A supervisor or manager must necessarily be involved in

Answer 62

quid pro quo sexual harassment cases

Question 63

occurs when sexual behaviors unreasonably interfere with work performance or create an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment

Answer 63

Hostile work environment sexual harassment

Question 64

Sexual suggestions, sexually derogatory remarks, and sexually motivated physical contact may constitute

Answer 64

Hostile work environment sexual harassment

Question 65

are liable if they create or condone a discriminatory work environment.

Answer 65

Employers

Question 66

To make a claim for hostile work environment sexual harassment, the complainant must first meet five conditions to establish a prima facie case:

Answer 66

- The employee must be a member of a protected class - The employee must have been subject to unwelcome sexual harassment in the form of sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, or other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature, which can include sexually offensive or sexist written material displayed in plain view - The complaint of harassment must have been based on gender - The alleged sexual harassment must have had the effect of unreasonably interfering with the employee’s work performance and creating a working environment a reasonable person would find intimidating, hostile, abusive, or offensive and the employee perceived as abusive - The employer knew or should have known of the harassment and failed to take appropriate action

Question 67

prohibits discrimination against women and expressly imposes liability for damages on the person directly responsible for such discrimination.

Answer 67

Magna Carta of Women (Republic Act No. 9710, as amended)

Question 68

prohibits discrimination on account of age and imposes penalties for violation of the Act.

Answer 68

Anti-Age Discrimination in Employment Act (Republic Act No. 10911)

Question 69

provides that a qualified employee with disability shall be subject to the same terms and conditions of employment as a qualified able-bodied person.

Answer 69

Magna Carta for Persons with Disability (Republic Act No. 7277, as amended)

Question 70

prohibits an employer from discriminating against any solo parent employee with respect to the terms and conditions of employment on account of the employee being a solo parent.

Answer 70

Solo Parents’ Welfare Act (Republic Act No. 8972)

Question 71

prohibits discrimination against Indigenous Cultural Communities or Indigenous Peoples with respect to recruitment and conditions of employment on account of their descent

Answer 71

Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act (Republic Act No. 8371)

Question 72

prohibits sexual harassment in the workplace.

Answer 72

Anti-Sexual Harassment Act (Republic Act No. 7877)

Question 73

requires employers to develop appropriate policies and programmes on mental health in the workplace designed to, among others, raise awareness on mental health issues, correct the stigma and discrimination associated with mental health conditions, identify and provide support for individuals at risk and facilitate access of individuals with mental health conditions to treatment and psychosocial support.

Answer 73

Mental Health Act (Republic Act No. 11036)

Question 74

also prohibits the rejection of job application, termination of employment, or other discriminatory policies in hiring, provision of employment and other related benefits, promotion or assignment of an individual solely or partially on the basis of actual, perceived or suspected HIV status. This law also states that policies and practices that discriminate on the basis of perceived or actual HIV status, sex, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, age, economic status, disability and ethnicity are deemed inimical to national interest.

Answer 74

Philippine HIV and AIDS Policy Act (Republic Act No. 11166)

Question 75

sets policies, standards and procedures on the registration and supervision of labour unions and their activities

Answer 75

Bureau of Labor Relations

Question 76

handles conciliation, mediation and voluntary arbitration of labour disputes

Answer 76

National Conciliation and Mediation Board

Question 77

is a quasi-judicial agency that has original jurisdiction to adjudicate specific labour claims and disputes

Answer 77

National Labor Relations Commission

Question 78

provides for and regulates the creation of legitimate labour organizations, or unions or associations of employees in the private sector that exist in whole or in part for the purpose of collective bargaining, mutual aid, interest, cooperation, protection or other lawful purposes

Answer 78

Labor Code

Question 79

In particular, _____ are organized for collective bargaining as well as other legitimate purposes, while _______ are organized for mutual aid and protection or any legitimate purpose other than collective bargaining

Answer 79

unions, | workers’ associations