[8] CNS Infections and Autoimmune Postinfectious Disorders in Children

Question 1

Most common Etiologic Organism causing Bacterial Meningitis in the 0-2 month age group

Answer 1

Streptococcus

Question 2

Most common Etiologic Organism causing Bacterial Meningitis in the 3 months - 6 years age group

Answer 2

H. influenza

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 3

Most common Etiologic Organism causing Bacterial Meningitis in the early to late childhood

Answer 3

Streptococcus pneumonia

Neisseria meningitides

Question 4

Absolute contraindication to doing a lumbar puncture

Answer 4

Infection at the LP Site

Question 5

Meningococcemia presents with this characteristic lesion

Answer 5

Violaceous purpura on skin, highly infectious (Isolate the patient)

Question 6

Empiric Antibiotics for Neonatal Meningitis

Answer 6

Ampicillin / Ceftriaxone / Cefotaxime

+

Aminoglycoside

Question 7

Empiric Antibiotics for 2 months - 5 years

Answer 7

Ceftriaxone / Cefotaxime

Question 8

Empiric Antibiotics for >5-18 years

Answer 8

Penicillin

Question 9

Specific Therapy for E. Coli

Answer 9

Cefotaxime

Question 10

Specific Therapy for Group B Streptococcus

Answer 10

Cefotaxime

Question 11

Specific Therapy for H. influenza

Answer 11

Ceftriaxone

Question 12

Specific Therapy for S. pneumonia

Answer 12

Penicillin

Question 13

Specific Therapy for N. meningitides

Answer 13

Penicillin

Question 14

When is Dexamethasone used for meningitis

Answer 14

In children less than 5 years of age wherein Hib meningitis is suspected

(Dexamethasone has NO role in treating neonatal meningitis)

Question 15

What stage of TBM is a patient that is posturing?

Answer 15

Stage III

Question 16

What stage of TBM is a patient with increased ICP?

Answer 16

Stage II

Question 17

Clinical Triad of TB Meningitis

Answer 17

Basal exudates
Hydrocephalus
Cerebral Infarction

Question 18

Describe each Category of Smith’s Outcome Category (After Discharge)

Answer 18

1: Completely Recovered
2: Mild Neurologic Defect
3: Severe Neurologic Defect
4: Death

Question 19

Most common fungal infection causing meningitis

Answer 19

Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 20

Diagnostic test for Cryptococcal Meningitis

Answer 20

India Ink Stain

Question 21

Treatment for Cryptococcal Meningitis

Answer 21

Amphotericin B IV for 4-6 weeks

Question 22

Common Triad of Brain Abscess

Answer 22

Fever
Headache
Focal Neurologic Deficit

Question 23

More Common Type of HSV Encephalitis

Answer 23

Type 1

Question 24

Which type of HSV Encephalitis is associated with genital herpes? Which one is associated with orofacial herpes?

Answer 24

Type 1: Orofacial

Type 2: Genital

Question 25

Treatment for HSV Encephalitis

Answer 25

Acyclovir

Question 26

This is commonly seen in patients from the provinces working in rice fields

Answer 26

Japanese Encephalitis

Question 27

Clinical Features of Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis

Answer 27

Psychiatric symptoms are more evident than systemic ones Patients present with abnormal movements, seizures, autonomic instability

Question 28

Treatment for Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis

Answer 28

Methylprednisone and other steroids Corticosteroids (Make sure there are no other kinds of CNS Infections before giving steroids)

Question 29

Most Common Presentation of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

Answer 29

Initially myoclonic jerks, falls very quickly due to myoclonic seizures

Question 30

EEG of a patient with Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis would show?

Answer 30

Burst Suppression Pattern

Question 31

MRI Diagnostic Criteria for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 31

1. =>9 hyperintense white matter lesions or one gadolinium enhancing lesion 2. =>3 Periventricular Lesions 3. 1 Juxtacortical Lesion 4. 1 Infratentorial Lesion MRI must show 3 or more of these features

Question 32

Diagnostic Criteria for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 32

MRI Criteria | More than 1 attack located in the CNS

Question 33

Treatment for Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 33

Corticosteroids (Methylprednisone) | Interferon Beta

Question 34

Treatment for Guillan-Barre Syndrome

Answer 34

IV Ig | Plasmapharesis

Question 35

When performing a lumbar puncture, it is best to obtain CSF from which intervertebral interspace?

Answer 35

L3 - L4