8: chronic inflammation I

Question 1

timeline of chronic inflammation

Answer 1

> 2 wks

Question 2

inflammatmion, tissue destruction, and attempts at repair coexist

Answer 2

chronic inflammation

Question 3

frequently beings insidiously as low-grade, smoldering response without signs of acute inflammation

Answer 3

most common and most disabling type of chronic inflammation

Question 4

causes of chronic inflammation

Answer 4

• persistent microbial infections
• immune related inflammatory diseases
• prolonged exposure to toxic agents

Question 5

do you see PMNs or mononuclear cells with chronic inflammation

Answer 5

mononuclear cells

Question 6

connective tissue replacement of damaged tissue; angiogenesis and fibrosis

Answer 6

chronic inflammation

Question 7

extensive fibrosis
chronic inflammatory cells
residual ductal structures
residual islet
no acinar tissue remaining

Answer 7

chronic pancreatitis

Question 8

hallmark cell for chronic inflammation

Answer 8

plasma cell

Question 9

key cell in chronic and granulmoatous inflammation

Answer 9

macrophage

Question 10

where do macrophages come from?

Answer 10

derived from circulating blood monocytes

Question 11

when do monocytes arrive on the seen?

Answer 11

24-48 hrs after onset of acute inflammation

Question 12

liver macrophage

Answer 12

kupffer cell

Question 13

CNS macrophage

Answer 13

microglia

Question 14

lung macrophage

Answer 14

alveolar macrophaage

Question 15

osteoclast

Answer 15

bone macrophage

Question 16

how does activation change a macrophage?

Answer 16

• increased size
• increased lysosomes and lysosomal enzymes
  = increased ability to kill organism

Question 17

large, flat and pink, similar to squamous cells

Answer 17

activated macrophage

Question 18

what is the key macrophage activating signal?

Answer 18

gamma INF
(from TH1 and NK cells)
they can also be activated by bacterial endotoxins

Question 19

what cytokines are the main products of macrophages

Answer 19

IL-1 and TNF

Question 20

describe the reciprocal relationship between T cells and macrophages

Answer 20

macrophages initially activate T cells ( via antigent presentation to T cells) or vice versa ( with IFN gamma)

Question 21

TNF, IL-17 chemokines …

Answer 21

released from activated T cells and recruti neutrophils and macrophages

Question 22

terminal product of B cell activation

Answer 22

plasma cells

Question 23

what do plasma cells do?

Answer 23

produce antiboides against persistent antigens in inflammatory site or against altered tissue components

Question 24

recruitment of eosinophils depends on chemokine…

Answer 24

eotaxin

Question 25

what do the granules of eosinophils contain?

Answer 25

MBP major basic protein which is toxic to parasites but lead to epithelial cell lysis (self damage)

Question 26

true or false: mast cells participate in both acute and chronic inflammatory reactions

Answer 26

true

Question 27

what is released from mast cells

Answer 27

histamine and PG

Question 28

central role in anaphylactic reactions

Answer 28

mast cells (because armed with IgE)

Question 29

if you see numerous PMNs in an apparent chronic infection remember...

Answer 29

chronic active inflammation ( acute and chronic inflammation can coexist due to persistent microbes or meditators)