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Pathology I > 6: acute inflammation I > Flashcards

6: acute inflammation I Flashcards

1
Q

define inflammation

A

local reaction of vascularized tissue to injury

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2
Q

0-2 days

A

acute

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3
Q

2-14 days

A

subacute

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4
Q

> 14 days

A

chronic

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5
Q

PMNs

A

acute inflammatory

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6
Q

PMNs, monocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cells, fibroblastic elements, angioblastic elements

A

subacute inflammation

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7
Q

monocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, granuloma cells (epitheliod cells and giant cells)

A

chronic inflammation

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8
Q

> 5% eosinophil (predominant inflammatory cell) indicates what type of infection

A

allergic reaction or parasitic infection

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9
Q

immune system
Ab
C3
C5fragments

A

plasma derived

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10
Q

kinin system (bradykinin)

A

plasma derived

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11
Q

clotting system (thrombin)

A

plasma derived

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12
Q

fibrinolytic system (pllasmin)

A

plasma derived

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13
Q

acute phase proteins (c-reactive prtn, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin)

A

plasma derived

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14
Q

vasoactive amines (histamin, serotonin)

A

tissue derived

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15
Q

acidic lipids (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, lipoxins)

A

tissue derived

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16
Q

cytokines (IL-1, TNF)

A

tissue derived

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17
Q

chemokines (IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, lymphotactin)

A

tissue derived

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18
Q

PAF, NO, ROS, lysosomal enzymes

A

tissue derived

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19
Q

6 cardinal signs of inflammation

A

1) Heat
2) Redness
3) Swelling
4) Pain
5) Loss of function
6) Systemic changes

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20
Q

serous acute inflammation

A

watery fluid

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21
Q

skin blister from burn or viral infection inflammation

A

serous

22
Q

increased vascular permeability allows leakage of larger molecules such as fibrinogen

A

fibrinous inflammation

23
Q

characteristic of inflammation of body cavities

A

fibrinous

24
Q

manifested by large amounts of pus

A

suppurative inflammation

25
Q

focal collection of pus; central necrotic region surrounded by layer of preserved PMN

A

abscesses

26
Q

more likely to cause suppurative inflammation

A

pyogenic bacteria

27
Q

local defect, excavation produced by sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue

A

ulceration

28
Q

can only occur on or near a surface

A

ulceration

29
Q

Key events of acute inflammation

A
  • increased blood flow
  • structural changes in microvasculature
  • emigration of leukocytes and their accumulation/activation
30
Q

when does vasoconstriction occur during inflammatory process

A

immediate
transient
variable
cutaneous arterioles

31
Q

when does vasodilation occure in inflammation

A

arteriolar

results in increased capillary blood flow

32
Q

open precapillary sphincters

A

acute inflammation (closed in normal state)

33
Q

transudation v. exudation

A

trans: just fluid
exudate: protein and fluid due to widened intraepithelial junctions

34
Q

at what vascular level does increased permeability occur?

A

at the level of capillaries and postcapillary venules as endothelial cells contract thus widening their intercellular junctions

35
Q

how does local blood viscosity change in inflammation

A

stasis of circulation resulting in increased blood viscosity

36
Q

leukocytes, mostly PMNs line up along endothelial cell surface

A

margination

37
Q

steps to leukocyte extravasation

A

1) margination
2) adhesion
3) emigration
4) chemotaxis

38
Q

migration between EC and across basement membrane to interstitial space

A

emigration

39
Q

directed movement along chemical gradient towards injury

A

chemotaxis

40
Q

what are CAM cell adhesion molecules

A

selectins
immunoglobulin
integrins
membrane proteins that promote leukocyte attachment and participation in the inflammatory response

41
Q

selectin

A

rolling
slow down

  • not involved in firm adhesion
42
Q

where are selectins located?

A

on surface of endothelium, platelets and leukocytes

43
Q

ICAM-1 is expressed where

A

on surface of cytokine stimulated endothelium

44
Q

what does ICAM-1 bind to

A

itnerins LFA-1 and Mac-1

45
Q

where are integrins LFA-1 and Mac-1 located

A

on cell membranes of neutrophils and macrophages

46
Q

what and where does VCAM-1 bind

A

VCAM-1 binds to integrin VLA-4 on WBCs

47
Q

PECAM-1 binds what and where

A

PECAM-1 binds CD-31 and plays and impotant role in the diapedesis step of leukocyte emiration

48
Q

VLA-4 binds what

A

VLA-4 (only on WBCs) binds to VCAM-1 on endothelium

49
Q

what increases the surface expression of B2 integrins (CD11/18)

A

activation of phagocytic cells by chemotactic stimuli

50
Q

what assists in localization of phagocytes to injury sites and subsequent extravasation

A

LFA-1 and CR3/4 bind to ICAM-1

Pathology I (12 decks)

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