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Pathology I > 6: acute inflammation I > Flashcards

6: acute inflammation I Flashcards

1
Q

define inflammation

A

local reaction of vascularized tissue to injury

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2
Q

0-2 days

A

acute

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3
Q

2-14 days

A

subacute

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4
Q

> 14 days

A

chronic

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5
Q

PMNs

A

acute inflammatory

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6
Q

PMNs, monocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cells, fibroblastic elements, angioblastic elements

A

subacute inflammation

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7
Q

monocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, granuloma cells (epitheliod cells and giant cells)

A

chronic inflammation

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8
Q

> 5% eosinophil (predominant inflammatory cell) indicates what type of infection

A

allergic reaction or parasitic infection

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9
Q

immune system
Ab
C3
C5fragments

A

plasma derived

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10
Q

kinin system (bradykinin)

A

plasma derived

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11
Q

clotting system (thrombin)

A

plasma derived

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12
Q

fibrinolytic system (pllasmin)

A

plasma derived

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13
Q

acute phase proteins (c-reactive prtn, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin)

A

plasma derived

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14
Q

vasoactive amines (histamin, serotonin)

A

tissue derived

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15
Q

acidic lipids (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, lipoxins)

A

tissue derived

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16
Q

cytokines (IL-1, TNF)

A

tissue derived

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17
Q

chemokines (IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, lymphotactin)

A

tissue derived

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18
Q

PAF, NO, ROS, lysosomal enzymes

A

tissue derived

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19
Q

6 cardinal signs of inflammation

A

1) Heat
2) Redness
3) Swelling
4) Pain
5) Loss of function
6) Systemic changes

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20
Q

serous acute inflammation

A

watery fluid

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21
Q

skin blister from burn or viral infection inflammation

22
Q

increased vascular permeability allows leakage of larger molecules such as fibrinogen

A

fibrinous inflammation

23
Q

characteristic of inflammation of body cavities

24
Q

manifested by large amounts of pus

A

suppurative inflammation

25
focal collection of pus; central necrotic region surrounded by layer of preserved PMN
abscesses
26
more likely to cause suppurative inflammation
pyogenic bacteria
27
local defect, excavation produced by sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue
ulceration
28
can only occur on or near a surface
ulceration
29
Key events of acute inflammation
- increased blood flow - structural changes in microvasculature - emigration of leukocytes and their accumulation/activation
30
when does vasoconstriction occur during inflammatory process
immediate transient variable cutaneous arterioles
31
when does vasodilation occure in inflammation
arteriolar | results in increased capillary blood flow
32
open precapillary sphincters
acute inflammation (closed in normal state)
33
transudation v. exudation
trans: just fluid exudate: protein and fluid due to widened intraepithelial junctions
34
at what vascular level does increased permeability occur?
at the level of capillaries and postcapillary venules as endothelial cells contract thus widening their intercellular junctions
35
how does local blood viscosity change in inflammation
stasis of circulation resulting in increased blood viscosity
36
leukocytes, mostly PMNs line up along endothelial cell surface
margination
37
steps to leukocyte extravasation
1) margination 2) adhesion 3) emigration 4) chemotaxis
38
migration between EC and across basement membrane to interstitial space
emigration
39
directed movement along chemical gradient towards injury
chemotaxis
40
what are CAM cell adhesion molecules
selectins immunoglobulin integrins membrane proteins that promote leukocyte attachment and participation in the inflammatory response
41
selectin
rolling slow down * not involved in firm adhesion
42
where are selectins located?
on surface of endothelium, platelets and leukocytes
43
ICAM-1 is expressed where
on surface of cytokine stimulated endothelium
44
what does ICAM-1 bind to
itnerins LFA-1 and Mac-1
45
where are integrins LFA-1 and Mac-1 located
on cell membranes of neutrophils and macrophages
46
what and where does VCAM-1 bind
VCAM-1 binds to integrin VLA-4 on WBCs
47
PECAM-1 binds what and where
PECAM-1 binds CD-31 and plays and impotant role in the diapedesis step of leukocyte emiration
48
VLA-4 binds what
VLA-4 (only on WBCs) binds to VCAM-1 on endothelium
49
what increases the surface expression of B2 integrins (CD11/18)
activation of phagocytic cells by chemotactic stimuli
50
what assists in localization of phagocytes to injury sites and subsequent extravasation
LFA-1 and CR3/4 bind to ICAM-1

Pathology I (12 decks)

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