8. arteriosclerosis Flashcards
arteriosclerosis
hardening of the arteries
types
3 main
5 total
atherosclerosis
monckeberg medial calcific sclerosis
arteriolosclerosis
fibromuscular intimal hyperplasia
fibromusclar dysplasia
Arteriolosclerosis types
hyaline
hyperplastic
hyaline arterioloscelerosis
accumulation of hyalin like protein
in
DM
benign hypertension
hyperplastic arterioloscelerosis
accumulation of smooth muscle
onion skin fibers
malignant HTN
Mönckeberg medial calcific sclerosis
Calcific deposits in muscular arteries of the elderly
Pathogenesis hypothesis
Encrustation hypothesis proposed by Rokitansky in year 1852: Atheroma represents lipid encrustation + thrombus
Insudation hypothesis proposed by Virchow in year 1856: intimal cells proliferation due to increased absorbtion of lipids from blood (‘lipid theory’)
Reaction/response-to-injury hypothesis: chronic inflammatory and healing response to endothelial injury
pathogensis
atheroma
the buildup of fatty deposits, cholesterol, cellular waste products, calcium, and other substances within the inner lining of arterial walls.
atheroma types
stable
vulnerable
Outcome and complications of Atherosclerosis
Calcification
Ulceration
Thromboembolization
Haemorrhage
Aneurysm formation
Progressive plaque growth
Fibromuscular intimal hyperplasia
the excessive growth and thickening of the innermost layer of an artery following inflammation and mechanical injury
fibromuscular dysplasia
non inflammatory
Aneurysm pathogenesis
Atherosclerotic (arteriosclerotic) aneurysm- commonest
Syphilitic (luetic) aneurysm - tertiary syphilis
Dissecting aneurysm- dissecting haematoma
Mycotic aneurysm- microbial infection
Berry aneurysm- malformation
Classification based on shape
Saccular: Large spherical outpouching
Fusiform: Spindle-shaped dilatation
Cylindrical: Continuous parallel dilatation
Serpentine or varicose: Tortuous dilatation
