23 prostate

Question 1

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) = Nodular hyperplasia of the prostate
define
age
malignancy?
what is increased

Answer 1

Hyperplasia (not hypertrophy) of prostatic stroma and glands
Common in males > 50 years old (age 60 is 70%; age 70 is 80%)
Not premalignant
Often presents with Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)
↑ total PSA(< 10ng/mL), with increased fraction of free PSA.

Question 2

Prostatic adenocarcinoma
age
risk factor
arise from
clinically?

Answer 2

Common in > 50 years old
Risk factors include age, race (African Americans> Caucasians> Asians), and diet high in saturated fats.
Arises most often from posterior lobe (peripheral zone) of prostate gland
Most often clinically silent (does not produce urinary symptoms early on).

Question 3

Increase prostatic cancer risk

Answer 3

↑fats and ↓lycopenes, selenium, soya products and vitamin D consumption
Family history
Germline mutations of BRCA2 12x increase in the risk.

Question 4

moat common cancer in men

Answer 4

prostate adenocarcinoma

Question 5

PSA level in prostate cancer
free and bound

Answer 5

psa levels high
free psa low

Question 6

Early androgen dependent. All cancers eventually become androgen independent

Answer 6

tumors depend on androgen for growth but then become independent so androgen deprivation therapy will fail its also called chemical casteration

Question 7

Free PSA levels < 10% (n > 25%) is diagnostic of the cancer
diagnostics are

Answer 7

psa and pap prostetic acid phosphatase