Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Patho > 22 male > Flashcards

22 male Flashcards

1
Q

inflammatory diseases of male reproductive

A

viral
bacterial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

viral herpis genitalis
1 or 2
3 Ms of hsv infected cell and known as

A

Herpes genitalis
HSV-2&raquo_space;> HSV-1
Multiple vesicles and painful ulcer develop 3 to 7 days after infection and heal spontaneously in 1 to 3 weeks.
During the acute infection the virus migrates to the regional lumbosacral nerve ganglia and establishes a latent infection.

margination
molding
multinucealtion

coedry bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Human papilloma virus (HPV)

A

Oncogenic virus
Causes condyloma acuminatum, precancerous lesion and cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

HPV cells known as
and why named so

A

koliocytes

kolio means hollow
cyte cell

hollow cells because cells have perinuclear hollow region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Genome of HPV
what makes it oncogenic

A

E6 inactivate P53 and telomerase expression,
E7 inactivate Rb and
E5 perinuclear vacuole (halo)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pox virus (mulluscum contagiosum virus)

A

Cause mulluscum contagiosum
Dome-shaped papules with a dimpled center.
mcv2 std

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Chancroid (Soft Chancre)

A

Chancroid (Soft Chancre)
Gram-negative bacillus, Haemophilus ducreyi
Cause painful genital ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lymphogranuloma veneurum (LGV):

A

C. trachomatis (L1, L2 and L3)
Starts as painless papules that develops an ulcer.
After a few days painful regional lymphadenopathy develop (necrotizing granulomatous inflammation of the inguinal lymphatics and lymph nodes)
Rectal stricture may be seen with perianal involvement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

grooves sign

A

enlarged LN splited by pouparts ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Granuloma inguinale (Donovanosis)

A

Caused by intracellular gram-negative bacterium Klebsiella granulomatis.
Non suppurative painless genital ulcer and beefy-red appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

donovan bodies

A

safety pin like bodies inside monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Urethritis
define
classification
accompanied by

A

Urethritis = Inflammation of urethra
Classified as gonococcal and non gonococcal
Present with urethral discharge, and dysuria.
Urethritis is often accompanied by cystitis in women and by prostatitis in men.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Example of non infectious urethritis is

A

reactive arthritis (formerly Reiter syndrome), which is associated with the clinical triad of arthritis, conjunctivitis, and urethritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

causes of urethral stricture
inflammatory
traumatic
catheter
post op prostectomy

A

bulbar

membraneous

all

prostatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Prostatitis
define
types
difference between them

A

= Inflammation of prostate

Acute bacterial prostatitis
Presents with dysuria, frequency, urgency, low back pain.
Warm, tender, enlarged prostate on digital rectal exam.
Prostatic secretions show WBCs and culture reveals bacteria.
Chronic prostatitis
Presents as dysuria with pelvic or low back pain
Prostatic secretions show WBCs, but cultures are negative.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Epididymitis
define
present as
clinical exam for prostitis
in what disease epididymis affcted first

A

Epididymitis = Inflammation of epididymis

Presents with localized pain and tenderness over posterior testis.
Positive Prehn sign (pain relief with scrotal elevation).
May progress to involve testis.
Tuberculosis - epididymis involved first with caseating granuloma on histology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Orchitis
define
presentation
types
what disease is testis involved first

A

inflammation of testis
Orchitis presents with testicular pain and swelling.

Granulomatous (autoimmune) orchitis-

Mumps orchitis -

Syphilis - testis is involved first with obliterative endarteritis and gumma on histology.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

granulomatous and mumps orchitis

A

characterized by granulomas involving the seminiferous tubules. Idiopathic (antisperm antibodies (ASA))

rare in males < 10 years old. Most often seen 1 week after parotid glands enlagment. Infertility risk.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

balanitis

A

inflammation of glans penis

20
Q

phimosis
and paraphimosis

A

inhabilty to retract foreskin

inability to reduce the forskin back to anatomical postion

21
Q

Fournier gangrene

A

Polymicrobial necrotizing fasciitis involving the genital areas and perineum
Surgical emergency

22
Q

congenital penile abnormality

A

hypospadias

epispadias

23
Q

hypospadias
cause
where

A

failure of urethral folds to fuse

opening under

24
Q

epispadias
where
cause
assoc.tion

A

faulty positioning of genital tubercle

assoc. with extrophy of bladder

25
Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Most common type of penile cancer. 40 to 70 years of age < 1% of all cancers of the male in some parts of Asia, Africa, and South America, penile cancer accounts for 10% to 20% of male malignancies
26
scrotal carcinoma
Scrotal carcinoma, also known as squamous cell carcinoma of the scrotum, is a rare form of cancer that affects the skin of the scrotum. It is primarily associated with occupational exposure to certain substances, particularly in chimney sweepers during the industrial revolution.
27
Cryptorchidism
Cryptorchidism (Gr: kryptos = hidden and orchis = testicle) Descent failure of one or both testes 80% are unilateral and 20% are bilateral Most common congenital male reproductive abnormality Most cases are clinically asymptomatic and discovered only on physical examination.
28
An undescended testis is called ............. when it can be manipulated into scrotum where it remains without tension. On the other hand, when it can be manipulated into upper scrotum but retracts when released, it is called ...............
retractile gliding
29
On gross examination, the cryptorchid testis is small and fibrotic. Histologically, there is marked reduction in the number of germ cells. why?
Impaired spermatogenesis (since sperm develop best at temperatures < 37°C)
30
~ 80% descend by the first year of life making the actual incidence about ~1% Otherwise, orchiopexy performed before 2 years of age.
31
Benign intrascrotal lesions
hydrocele spermatocele varicocele
32
Varicocele define where epidemology causes looks like what on
Dilated spermatic vein in pampiniform plexus due to impaired drainage Most common cause of intrascrotal enlargement in adult males Most often on left side Can cause infertility because of temperature Diagnosed by standing clinical exam/Valsalva maneuver (distension on inspection and “bag of worms” on palpation) or ultrasound
33
Hydrocele DEFINE types
Serous fluid collection within the tunica vaginalis Congenital hydrocele: Common cause of scrotal swelling in infants, due to incomplete obliteration of processus vaginalis. Most spontaneously resolve within 1 year. Acquired hydrocele: Scrotal fluid collection usually 2° to infection, trauma, tumor, due to blockage of lymphatic drainage Hematocele when the fluid is blood.
34
Spermatocele
Spermatocele = Cyst due to dilated epididymal duct or rete testis. Filled with spermatozoa
35
Testicular torsion due to looks like
Rotation of testicle around spermatic cord and vascular pedicle. Commonly presents 12–18 years old. May occur after an inciting event (eg, trauma) or spontaneously. Usually due to congenital failure of testes to attach to the inner lining of the scrotum (via the processus vaginalis) Characterized by acute (sudden), severe pain, high-riding testis, and absent cremasteric reflex. bell capper
36
types of testicular tumorr
germ cell tumor sex cord tumor
37
germ cell tumors type
seminomal and non seminomal
38
Seminoma define pain? analogue occurance produce what prognosis
Malignant and painless tumor Most common testicular tumor Analogous to ovarian dysgerminoma and extragenital germinoma. Does not occur in infancy Placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) and 15% HCG Excellent prognosis - Highly radiosensitive with late metastasis.
39
Embryonal carcinoma define pain produces prognosis differnece from seminoma
Comprised of immature primitive cells that may produce glands Malignant and Painful tumor Pure embryonal carcinoma is rare May be associated with increased hCG and normal AFP levels when pure (increased AFP when mixed). Aggressive with early hematogenous spread. Chemotherapy may result in differentiation into another type of germ cell tumor (e.g., teratoma). there is necrosis with hemorhage
40
Teratoma define when malignat and when benign
Composed of mature fetal tissue derived from two or three embryonic layers. Mature teratoma may be malignant in adult males. Benign in children and females.
41
Yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor define epidemology bodies seen what is elevated
Most common testicular tumor in children < 3 years old Schiller-Duval bodies resemble primitive glomeruli are seen on histology AFP is characteristically elevated Aggressive tumor In adults is mixed with embryonal carcinoma
42
Choriocarcinoma define metastasize ? tumor marker may cause
Malignant tumor of syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts (placenta-like tissue, but no villi). Early hematogenous metastasis Tumor marker HCG May produce gynecomastia and hyperthyroidism
43
Sex cord stromal tumor epidemology ben or mal? types
5% of all testicular tumors Mostly benign Leydig cell tumor Sertoli cell tumor (androblastoma) is comprised of tubules and is usually clinically silent.
44
leydig cell tumor produce? causes? histologically what cells seen
usually produces androgen or estrogens , causing precocious puberty in children or gynecomastia in adults.
45
Primary testicular lymphoma (PTL) epidemology type laterality
Most common testicular tumor in males > 60 years old. Typically diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Usually bilateral, and most have disseminated at the time of diagnosis.
46
The most common benign paratesticular tumor is
adenomatoid tumor.
47
The most common malignant paratesticular tumors are ......................in children and ................... in adults.
rhabdomyosarcomas liposarcomas

Patho (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions