8/6/13 Flashcards
Streptococcus
-Gram Positive oraganism that lives in pharynx, inhibited by vancomycin
Nisseria
- Gram negative organism that is inhibited by colistin, except meningitidis and gonorrhea species
- Thayer Martin isolates N Meningitidis and N Gonorrhea
vancomycin
-inhibits growth of gram + cells, cell wall synthesis
colistin
- Detergent, interacts with LPS and disrupts membrane, kills gram negative cells excpet N gonorrhea and N menigitidis
- Thayer Martin
Nystatin
-inhibits the growth of yeast
trimethaprim
-Dihydrofolate reductase inhibtor (Chemo agent), inhibts proteus ( H flu, E Coli, K. Pneumo)
C Diptheriae
-Gram + inhibited by vancomycin
K Pneumo
-Gram - , causes UTI, proteus, inhibited by trimethoprim
Toxic Shock Syndrome
- TSST1 released from S Aureus, common in tampon’s or nasal packing
- Also can be caused by C Sordelli or Group A Strep (Pyogenes)
- Fever, Hypotension, Desquamating Rash, Multisystem involvment
- Superantigen induced cytokine release
T cell Activation
-IL-2 released
Macrophage Activation
-Release of TNF alpha and IL-1
Superantigen
-Binds MHC and activates T cells which can activate Macrophages leading to IL-2, IL-1, and TNF alpha release.
Acute Hemolytic Trasfusion Reaction
- Type 2 Hypersensitivity, premade Ab cause complement activation, release of C3a and C5a anaphylatoxins
- Dark Urine, DIC, Hypotension
Type 2 Ab mediated Hypersensitivity
- Premade antibody mediated activation of complement, release of C3a and C5a anaphylatoxins’
- Acute hemolytic anemia (newborn and transfusion)
Type I Immediate Hypersensitivity
-IgE crosslinking, release of histamine and other mediators from Basophils and Mast Cells
Type 3 Immune Complex Deposition Hypersensitivity
- Deposition of Immune Complexes
- SLE, Post Streptococcal glomerulophritis,Polyarteritis nodosa, farmers lung, arthus reaction, reactive arthritis
Endotoxin
-LPS causes release of TNF alpha from macrophages, Septic Shock
Kartenger Syndrome
- Situs Inversus with recurrent otitis media and sinusitis
- Caused by autosomal recessive defect in dynein causing imotile cilia
Cystic Fibrosis
-Defect in Cl (chloride channel) leads to thick mucus and recurrent infections
Hyper IgM syndrome
- Defect in CD40Ligand that prevents activation by T cells and class switching
- X Linked Recessive
- No Ig produced except IgM
- Infants with hyper IgM have pneumocystis pneumoniae
Poliovirus
- Most commonly infects gut and induces IgA response
- Live viruses behave more like natural ones and will cause an immune response similiar to native infection
Toxoplasmosis
- Causes brain abcesses in HIV patients
- HIV can be distinguished by Oral Thrush and lymphadenopathy
Aspergillus Fumigatus
-Cause brain abcesses in neutropenic and immunosupressed patients more often than toxoplasmosis. HIV = Toxoplasmosis
Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines
- IL-10 and TGF-B
- Reduce actions of IL-2 and decrease immune responses
IL-10
-Tends to decrease cellular response, by inhibiting IL-2 and B7 and favor a humoral response
Rapid Reagin Test
- Flocculation of cardiolipin, lecethin, cholosterol
- Indirect test for Treponema Pallidum (Ab to things released by T Palladum)
- Confirmed with FTA-ABS
T Pallidum
- Spirochete that causes syphilis, yaws bejel, pinta
- Intracellular
Rheumatoid Factor
- Ab to Fc portion of IgM. Can be seen in RA but not difinitive
Cold Agglutanins
- RBC aggultinate at low temperature and are resuspended at higher temperatures
- Signals Mycoplasma infection
