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Question 1

Streptococcus

Answer 1

-Gram Positive oraganism that lives in pharynx, inhibited by vancomycin

Question 2

Nisseria

Answer 2

• Gram negative organism that is inhibited by colistin, except meningitidis and gonorrhea species
• Thayer Martin isolates N Meningitidis and N Gonorrhea

Question 3

vancomycin

Answer 3

-inhibits growth of gram + cells, cell wall synthesis

Question 4

colistin

Answer 4

• Detergent, interacts with LPS and disrupts membrane, kills gram negative cells excpet N gonorrhea and N menigitidis
• Thayer Martin

Question 5

Nystatin

Answer 5

-inhibits the growth of yeast

Question 6

trimethaprim

Answer 6

-Dihydrofolate reductase inhibtor (Chemo agent), inhibts proteus ( H flu, E Coli, K. Pneumo)

Question 7

C Diptheriae

Answer 7

-Gram + inhibited by vancomycin

Question 8

K Pneumo

Answer 8

-Gram - , causes UTI, proteus, inhibited by trimethoprim

Question 9

Toxic Shock Syndrome

Answer 9

• TSST1 released from S Aureus, common in tampon’s or nasal packing
• Also can be caused by C Sordelli or Group A Strep (Pyogenes)
• Fever, Hypotension, Desquamating Rash, Multisystem involvment
• Superantigen induced cytokine release

Question 10

T cell Activation

Answer 10

-IL-2 released

Question 11

Macrophage Activation

Answer 11

-Release of TNF alpha and IL-1

Question 12

Superantigen

Answer 12

-Binds MHC and activates T cells which can activate Macrophages leading to IL-2, IL-1, and TNF alpha release.

Question 13

Acute Hemolytic Trasfusion Reaction

Answer 13

• Type 2 Hypersensitivity, premade Ab cause complement activation, release of C3a and C5a anaphylatoxins
• Dark Urine, DIC, Hypotension

Question 14

Type 2 Ab mediated Hypersensitivity

Answer 14

• Premade antibody mediated activation of complement, release of C3a and C5a anaphylatoxins’
• Acute hemolytic anemia (newborn and transfusion)

Question 15

Type I Immediate Hypersensitivity

Answer 15

-IgE crosslinking, release of histamine and other mediators from Basophils and Mast Cells

Question 16

Type 3 Immune Complex Deposition Hypersensitivity

Answer 16

• Deposition of Immune Complexes

- SLE, Post Streptococcal glomerulophritis,Polyarteritis nodosa, farmers lung, arthus reaction, reactive arthritis

Question 17

Endotoxin

Answer 17

-LPS causes release of TNF alpha from macrophages, Septic Shock

Question 18

Kartenger Syndrome

Answer 18

• Situs Inversus with recurrent otitis media and sinusitis

- Caused by autosomal recessive defect in dynein causing imotile cilia

Question 19

Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 19

-Defect in Cl (chloride channel) leads to thick mucus and recurrent infections

Question 20

Hyper IgM syndrome

Answer 20

• Defect in CD40Ligand that prevents activation by T cells and class switching
• X Linked Recessive
• No Ig produced except IgM
• Infants with hyper IgM have pneumocystis pneumoniae

Question 21

Poliovirus

Answer 21

• Most commonly infects gut and induces IgA response

- Live viruses behave more like natural ones and will cause an immune response similiar to native infection

Question 22

Toxoplasmosis

Answer 22

• Causes brain abcesses in HIV patients

- HIV can be distinguished by Oral Thrush and lymphadenopathy

Question 23

Aspergillus Fumigatus

Answer 23

-Cause brain abcesses in neutropenic and immunosupressed patients more often than toxoplasmosis. HIV = Toxoplasmosis

Question 24

Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines

Answer 24

• IL-10 and TGF-B

- Reduce actions of IL-2 and decrease immune responses

Question 25

IL-10

Answer 25

-Tends to decrease cellular response, by inhibiting IL-2 and B7 and favor a humoral response

Question 26

Rapid Reagin Test

Answer 26

• Flocculation of cardiolipin, lecethin, cholosterol
• Indirect test for Treponema Pallidum (Ab to things released by T Palladum)
• Confirmed with FTA-ABS

Question 27

T Pallidum

Answer 27

• Spirochete that causes syphilis, yaws bejel, pinta

- Intracellular

Question 28

Rheumatoid Factor

Answer 28

• Ab to Fc portion of IgM. Can be seen in RA but not difinitive

Question 29

Cold Agglutanins

Answer 29

• RBC aggultinate at low temperature and are resuspended at higher temperatures
• Signals Mycoplasma infection