#8 Flashcards
Which one of the following statements about screening for prostate cancer is correct?
A. Most prostate cancers eventually cause symptoms.
B. Without treatment, 80% of screening-detected prostate cancers will result in death within 15 years.
C. Most hospitalizations after prostate biopsy are related to infections.
D. Screening reduces the chance of being diagnosed with localized prostate cancer.
C. Most hospitalizations after prostate biopsy are related to infections.
Which one of the following strategies may improve the net benefit of prostate-specific antigen testing in men who choose to be screened?
A. Annual testing.
B. Higher threshold (greater than 4.0 ng per mL [4.0 µg per L]) for prostate biopsy.
C. Lower threshold (4.0 ng per mL or less) for prostate biopsy.
D. Testing men older than 70 years.
B. Higher threshold (greater than 4.0 ng per mL [4.0 µg per L]) for prostate biopsy.
Which one of the following adverse effects of radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer is the most common?
A. Erectile dysfunction.
B. Rectal bleeding.
C. Urethral stricture.
D. Deep venous thrombosis.
A. Erectile dysfunction.
Which one of the following statements about the treatment of common musculoskeletal conditions is correct?
A. Corticosteroid injections are associated with low symptom recurrence rates in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.
B. Evidence supports early corticosteroid injections for patients with de Quervain tenosynovitis.
C. Evidence supports corticosteroid injections to treat symptoms of Morton neuroma.
D. Patients with adhesive capsulitis should undergo manipulation under anesthesia before receiving a corticosteroid injection.
B. Evidence supports early corticosteroid injections for patients with de Quervain tenosynovitis.
Which of the following statements about corticosteroid injections are correct?
(check all that apply)
A. They decrease the need for surgical repair at one year in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.
B. They can improve pain at one week in patients with trigger finger and decrease triggering for up to one year.
C. They provide only long-term benefits in patients with greater trochanteric bursitis.
D. They are not safe in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
A. They decrease the need for surgical repair at one year in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.
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B. They can improve pain at one week in patients with trigger finger and decrease triggering for up to one year.
During a routine three-month well-child visit, a mother reports that her son becomes very fussy and spits up most of what he eats after she lays him down following breastfeeding. She is concerned that he might not be getting the nutrition he needs, but he continues to gain weight. Which one of the following is the most appropriate step for initial management?
A. Perform a barium study to look for an anatomic issue.
B. Prescribe a proton pump inhibitor (PPI).
C. Prescribe a histamine H2 receptor antagonist.
D. Recommend dietary modifications for the mother.
D. Recommend dietary modifications for the mother.
An eight-month-old infant continues to spit up after each feeding, and appears uncomfortable despite her parents’ trying positional changes, low-volume feedings, and thickening agents. Her percentile for weight has not decreased significantly during this time. Which one of the following is the most appropriate next step?
A. Order upper abdominal ultrasonography.
B. Refer the family to a pediatric gastroenterologist because reflux symptoms should not persist after six months of age.
C. Prescribe a PPI to be taken as needed for the infant’s gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
D. Reassure the family that improvement should occur by 12 months of age, and encourage continued conservative measures.
D. Reassure the family that improvement should occur by 12 months of age, and encourage continued conservative measures.
Which one of the following symptoms indicates physiologic gastroesophageal reflux instead of GERD in infants and children?
A. Chronic cough.
B. Steady weight gain.
C. Postprandial irritability.
D. Reflux symptoms persisting after 18 months of age.
B. Steady weight gain.
Which of the following statements about subclinical hypothyroidism are correct?
(check all that apply)
A. Studies have shown that more than one-third of persons with subclinical hypothyroidism spontaneously revert to a euthyroid state without intervention.
B. There is general professional consensus that subclinical hypothyroidism can be accurately diagnosed with a single abnormal laboratory value.
C. Most adults with subclinical hypothyroidism eventually develop overt thyroid dysfunction.
D. There is a lack of professional consensus on the appropriate point for clinical intervention, particularly when a patient’s thyroid-stimulating hormone level is less than 10.0 mIU per L.
A. Studies have shown that more than one-third of persons with subclinical hypothyroidism spontaneously revert to a euthyroid state without intervention.
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D. There is a lack of professional consensus on the appropriate point for clinical intervention, particularly when a patient’s thyroid-stimulating hormone level is less than 10.0 mIU per L.
