#1 Flashcards
Which one of the following drug classes is recommended as first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus?
A. Sulfonylureas.
B. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists.
C. Biguanides.
D. Thiazolidinediones.
E. Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors.
C. Biguanides.
For which one of the following groups is a tighter A1C target (less than 6.5%) appropriate?
A. All nonpregnant adults.
B. Patients with a short duration of diabetes, a long life expectancy, and no significant cardiovascular disease.
C. Patients older than 65 years.
D. Patients with known cardiovascular disease.
B. Patients with a short duration of diabetes, a long life expectancy, and no significant cardiovascular disease.
Which one of the following accurately describes inflammatory arthritis?
A. Nonswollen joints, prolonged morning stiffness (more than one hour), and pain only during activity.
B. Swollen joints, prolonged morning stiffness (more than one hour), and pain during activity and at rest.
C. Swollen joints, morning stiffness for less than 30 minutes, and pain only during activity.
D. Nonswollen joints, morning stiffness for less than 30 minutes, and pain during activity and at rest.
B. Swollen joints, prolonged morning stiffness (more than one hour), and pain during activity and at rest.
A 58-year-old woman presents with pain and swelling of the bilateral proximal interphalangeal joints and hips. A rheumatoid factor test result is positive, suggesting rheumatoid arthritis. Which one of the following radiographic findings is most consistent with rheumatoid arthritis?
A. Joint effusions.
B. Osteophytes.
C. Joint erosions.
D. Chondrocalcinosis.
C. Joint erosions.
Which one of the following causes of short stature in children is considered to be pathologic, rather than a normal variant of growth?
A. Familial short stature.
B. Constitutional delay of growth and puberty.
C. Growth hormone deficiency.
D. Idiopathic short stature.
C. Growth hormone deficiency.
A four-year-old child’s height has crossed more than three major lines on the growth chart and is now three standard deviations below the norm for age. Which one of the following history or physical examination findings suggests acquired growth hormone deficiency as a cause of short stature?
A. Dysmorphic features.
B. Head trauma.
C. Chronic steroid use.
D. Fatigue and pallor.
B. Head trauma.
Which one of the following treatments effectively increases adult height in children with idiopathic short stature?
A. Recombinant growth hormone.
B. Oxandrolone (Oxandrin).
C. Insulinlike growth factor.
D. Aromatase inhibitors.
A. Recombinant growth hormone.
Which one of the following statements about the use of levetiracetam (Keppra) for chronic neuropathic pain symptoms is correct?
A. It is ineffective for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain.
B. It does not cause significant adverse effects.
C. Despite adverse effects of therapy, patients rarely discontinue its use.
D. It is listed as first-line treatment for chronic neuropathic pain in evidence-based guidelines by the Neuropathic Pain Special Interest Group of the International Association for the Study of Pain.
A. It is ineffective for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain.
