#7 Flashcards
During the two-month checkup for a healthy, breastfed infant, the parents ask if there is anything they can do to reduce his lengthy nighttime crying spells. The child spits up occasionally after feedings but does not seem to be in distress. Which one of the following treatments should you recommend?
A. Simethicone.
B. Dicyclomine (Bentyl).
C. Lactobacillus reuteri (strain DSM 17938).
D. Omeprazole (Prilosec).
C. Lactobacillus reuteri (strain DSM 17938).
Which one of the following interventions reduces crying times in formula-fed infants with colic?
A. Switching to soy formula.
B. Switching to hydrolyzed formula.
C. Osteopathic manipulation.
D. Infant massage.
B. Switching to hydrolyzed formula.
Which one of the following statements about pharmacogenetics is correct?
A. It refers to variation in phenotype that leads to variation in genotype.
B. The abnormal version of an allele is called wild type.
C. The most common type of genetic variation is a single nucleotide polymorphism.
D. The most common type of genetic variation is a multinucleotide variation.
C. The most common type of genetic variation is a single nucleotide polymorphism.
Patients who are poor metabolizers of cytochrome P450 2C19 should adjust the recommended dosage of which one of the following medications?
A. Paroxetine (Paxil).
B. Citalopram (Celexa).
C. Codeine.
D. Atomoxetine (Strattera).
B. Citalopram (Celexa).
Which one of the following increases the risk that a suspected lipoma is malignant?
A. It is covered by normal flesh and moves easily under the skin.
B. It is larger than 10 cm.
C. It has a central punctum.
D. It is red and warm to the touch.
B. It is larger than 10 cm.
A round, firm, reddish papule on a patient’s left shin grows rapidly to a 2-cm dome-shaped nodule with a keratin-filled crater. Which one of the following treatments is recommended initially?
A. Shave biopsy.
B. Simple excision with 3- to 5-mm margins.
C. Systemic retinoids.
D. The lesion should not be removed.
B. Simple excision with 3- to 5-mm margins.
A 78-year-old nursing home resident is diagnosed with pneumonia after confirmation with chest radiography. Hospitalization is not required, and antibiotic therapy will be administered in the nursing home. Which one of the following statements about further diagnostic testing for this patient is correct?
A. Blood cultures should be obtained before starting antibiotics.
B. Sputum culture should be obtained before starting antibiotics, inducing sputum production if necessary.
C. Urinary antigen testing for legionnaires’ disease should be performed if other patients in the nursing home also have pneumonia.
D. No further testing is required.
D. No further testing is required.
An 86-year-old nursing home resident has confirmed pneumonia. His condition is stable and hospitalization is not needed. Assuming the patient has no drug allergies, which one of the following antibiotics should be prescribed?
A. Intravenous fluoroquinolone.
B. Intravenous vancomycin.
C. Oral doxycycline.
D. Oral fluoroquinolone.
D. Oral fluoroquinolone.
Which one of the following scoring systems best predicts the mortality prognosis for nursing home patients with pneumonia?
A. CRB-65 score.
B. CURB score.
C. CURB-65 score.
D. SOAR score.
D. SOAR score.
Which of the following statements about the use of calcium in pregnancy are correct? (check all that apply)
A. Most women of childbearing age in the United States have adequate calcium intake.
B. High-dose calcium supplementation (at least 1,000 mg per day) has been shown to reduce the risk of pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders.
C. High-dose calcium supplementation has been shown to reduce the risk of preterm births.
D. The World Health Organization recommends the equivalent of 1,000 mg per day of calcium carbonate for all pregnant women.
B. High-dose calcium supplementation (at least 1,000 mg per day) has been shown to reduce the risk of pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders.
&
C. High-dose calcium supplementation has been shown to reduce the risk of preterm births.
