#6 Flashcards
Which one of the following vaccines should be given only to high-risk children?
A. 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (Pneumovax 23).
B. Rotavirus vaccine.
C. Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine.
D. Tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine.
E. Human papillomavirus vaccine.
A. 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (Pneumovax 23).
An otherwise healthy 35-year-old man presents with a skin abscess over his right buttock without overlying cellulitis. After successful incision and drainage, which one of the following is the next appropriate treatment step?
A. Prescribe cephalexin (Keflex).
B. Prescribe clindamycin.
C. Do not prescribe antibiotics.
D. Choose an antibiotic based on culture results.
C. Do not prescribe antibiotics.
Topical mupirocin (Bactroban) is considered sufficient antibiotic treatment for which one of the following infections?
A. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus impetigo.
B. Cellulitis.
C. Human bite.
D. Infected dog bite.
A. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus impetigo.
Which one of the following statements about the diagnosis of hypokalemia is correct?
A. Electrocardiography (ECG) changes are a reliable indicator of severe hypokalemia.
B. A urine potassium-to-creatinine ratio greater than 1.5 mEq per mmol (13 mEq per g) indicates renal potassium wasting.
C. The urine potassium-to-creatinine ratio should not be used to measure urinary potassium excretion.
D. Hypokalemia is rarely asymptomatic.
B. A urine potassium-to-creatinine ratio greater than 1.5 mEq per mmol (13 mEq per g) indicates renal potassium wasting.
Which one of the following statements about the treatment of hypokalemia is correct?
A. The first step for most patients with hypokalemia is administration of intravenous potassium.
B. Oral potassium is rarely effective for acute hypokalemia and is not recommended.
C. Because serum potassium concentration drops approximately 0.3 mEq per L (0.3 mmol per L) for every reduction of 100 mEq (100 mmol) in total body potassium, the deficit can be estimated in patients with abnormal losses and decreased intake.
D. There is no benefit to cardiac monitoring during intravenous potassium replacement therapy in patients with moderate or severe hypokalemia.
C. Because serum potassium concentration drops approximately 0.3 mEq per L (0.3 mmol per L) for every reduction of 100 mEq (100 mmol) in total body potassium, the deficit can be estimated in patients with abnormal losses and decreased intake.
Which one of the following statements about hyperkalemia is correct?
A. ECG should be considered for patients with signs or symptoms of hyperkalemia or a potassium level greater than 6 mEq per L (6 mmol per L).
B. Flattened T waves and a short PR interval are typical ECG changes.
C. Intravenous magnesium should be used to prevent conduction disturbances in patients with ECG changes.
D. Insulin and glucose are not recommended to treat hyperkalemia because they can lead to hypoglycemia.
A. ECG should be considered for patients with signs or symptoms of hyperkalemia or a potassium level greater than 6 mEq per L (6 mmol per L).
Which one of the following nonpharmacologic interventions is recommended to prevent constipation in older persons?
A. Scheduled toileting before meals.
B. Placing feet flat on the floor when defecating.
C. Avoiding bedpan use.
D. Decreasing fiber and fluid intake.
C. Avoiding bedpan use.
A 70-year-old man has chronic constipation that has not responded to behavioral changes, including increased fluid and fiber intake. Which one of the following laxatives is the preferred option for this patient?
A. Magnesium hydroxide.
B. Polyethylene glycol (Miralax).
C. Lactulose.
D. Magnesium citrate.
B. Polyethylene glycol (Miralax).
Which one of the following types of enemas or suppositories should generally be avoided in older adults because of the potential for electrolyte disturbances?
A. Glycerin.
B. Warm water.
C. Mineral oil.
D. Phosphate.
D. Phosphate.
Which one of the following statements about the benefits and harms of behavioral counseling interventions to promote a healthful diet and physical activity for cardiovascular disease prevention in adults with cardiovascular risk factors is correct?
A. There is strong direct evidence that interventions decrease the risk of death or stroke.
B. There is inadequate evidence that interventions improve intermediate outcomes, such as blood pressure, lipid levels, fasting glucose level, body mass index, or levels of physical activity.
C. There is adequate evidence that interventions improve behavioral and intermediate outcomes.
D. Dietary interventions are associated with adverse events.
C. There is adequate evidence that interventions improve behavioral and intermediate outcomes.
Which one of the following treatments is most likely to be effective for reducing nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy?
A. Acupressure.
B. Acupuncture.
C. Metoclopramide.
D. Promethazine.
A. Acupressure.
