8:27 histology Flashcards
what are the three types of muslce cells>
tere are skeletal cardiac and smooth
how can you tell hte difference betwweenthe mucsle types
keletal have cucleus on hte outside aand cardacahave the nucleus in the middle and tHE smooth dont have hte striation
the common propertiieS OF aljl muscle cells
mesoderm; lenght is greather than width
what does atp do for myosin and actin
unbinds the myosin and causes the hea to cock
what causes the power phase of the muscle movement
hydrolysis of the atp on the myosin head
what types of muscle have stripes
cardiac and the skeletal cells have striation
what is a sacromere
the area between the z-lines that shortenas the muscl contract.
what surrrounds the muscle and conects to the tendon
the epimysium
what are the connected filaments inside the muscle
the perimysium
what surrounds the individual myofibers of he muscles
the endomysium
where are the cells n muscles
the myofiber
what is the myofibril and the myofers
the myofibers are the cells and the cell is filled wth myfibril
what are muscle satilite cells
cells under the basal lamina that regenerate the muscle or to generate more muscles! they build mucle!
what is a dystrophinn linkage
it links the actin fibers to protein complex that links accross the membrane to the extra-cellular matirix
why is the dystrophinn linkage important
it allows the myofigril contraction with conduct to the connecttive tissue and do useful work
what if there is mutation and damage the dystrophin linkage
the cells rip themselves apart and fibers atrophy and die. you get duchenne muscular dystrophy
how do cardiaca and skeletal very
myofibril in cardiac are short and branched and not all parallel few nuclei and in the central position. very little connected tissue and no fascicles.
why would heart muscle fall apart when sectioned and preped for image
very little connective tissue in them
what structures make the intercalated dscs
desmosomes; fasca adherens (hemi-z-line);
what characteristicass differentiate the smooth muscles
individual spindle shaped cells, surround by basal lamina and reticular fibers; single,central nuceus, may appear wavy corkscrew shaped. no striation
what arranges the actin filaments in a smooth muscle cell
the dense bodiesattach the actin
how is the control of sliding different for smooth muscle the the striated muscle
the control is on hte thick filaments and not the actin
explain thick filiment cotrol in the smooth muscle cell
ca causes calodulin actates myosin light chain kinase this uses atp to actiate the thick filiments
what are the mechancal diffrences beween THE striattedan the smooth muscles
smooth muscles ares slower but have a greater range of movement control
what is the purpose of the nervous sysem
to rapily communicate and integrate function i.e. take iput nd integrate to output
what are soe general propertes of the nerve cleds
structural nd functinal units of NS elecrically excitable,generadte action potentals
what are the supportive cells of the nervous system
glia
whatare the main subdavisona of hte nervu system
central nad peripheral
what are the dvsions of ht ecentral nervous systemq
brain spinal crd
what are the main signal transduction of the nerves
synaptc inputs to dendrite to cell body to axon to synapses
what structural feature really dictates the function of nervous cels
the arrangement of the cell dendrites of the axos
using H and E standard stain what is the limitation with neurons
the inability to see the process of the neurons, need a golgi stain
what are the dendrites
usurally short highly branched sections of the neural xons, that have little spnes
what are the form and functions of dendrtes
have small dendritic pins that help modulate and isolate inputs and strongly implicated s being important in learning and memory.
what is the structure and function of the neural cell body
the soma or perkaryon is responsible for metabolcand synthetic center with a large euchoaic uceus (light colored). large aont of rough ER. and golgi
why would neurons have so much ER nad golgi
bcuase tey send a lt of vasculated proteins to the membrane
why is damage of a neuron cell so bad
they don’t divide
what cells provide myelination
glial
what are macroglia
astrocytes, radial glia, and oligodendrcytes. that
what are astrocytes
star shaped cells that touch capillaries, cntain GFAP
describe the mcroglia
derived from precursors in bone marow, usually inert, but when acive the are macrophages, comon at injury, present antigens , cytokines, eurotxinsa and mediate neropathic pain.
oligodendrocytes
create myelinate and ndees of ranvier speeds conduction velocty
where are schwann cells located?
in the periphery nervous cels
what functions might a schwnn cell have
regulate the environment, and myolnate oly one segment of oe nerve. come becme phagcytotic. can help regenerate the lost nerve cells
epinerurium
the outside sheeth around a nerve bundles
perineurium
the sheeth around individual nerve bundles
gray vs. the white matter
gray: neurons, dendrites and thier synapses;
White matter: axons, no neuronal cell bodies. Both have astrocytes oligodendrocytes, and microglia
ependymal cells
the lining of the central canal and the ventricles. Like an epithelia, but express GRAP, so uniquely nervous tissue. simple cuboidal or columnar.
choroid plexus
when the pia and ependyma come close, and produce a very vascularized tissue in produce the bulk of the CSF
blood brain barrier
tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells. stop large moecules from passing
astrocyte purpose
regulate extracellular environment, control level of ions and transmitters
oligodendrycytes purpose
myelinate multiple axons,
microglia purpose
bone marrow cells the adre activated by infection or damage
