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FOM Quiz 1 > 8:27 histology > Flashcards

8:27 histology Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three types of muslce cells>

A

tere are skeletal cardiac and smooth

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2
Q

how can you tell hte difference betwweenthe mucsle types

A

keletal have cucleus on hte outside aand cardacahave the nucleus in the middle and tHE smooth dont have hte striation

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3
Q

the common propertiieS OF aljl muscle cells

A

mesoderm; lenght is greather than width

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4
Q

what does atp do for myosin and actin

A

unbinds the myosin and causes the hea to cock

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5
Q

what causes the power phase of the muscle movement

A

hydrolysis of the atp on the myosin head

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6
Q

what types of muscle have stripes

A

cardiac and the skeletal cells have striation

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7
Q

what is a sacromere

A

the area between the z-lines that shortenas the muscl contract.

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8
Q

what surrrounds the muscle and conects to the tendon

A

the epimysium

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9
Q

what are the connected filaments inside the muscle

A

the perimysium

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10
Q

what surrounds the individual myofibers of he muscles

A

the endomysium

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11
Q

where are the cells n muscles

A

the myofiber

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12
Q

what is the myofibril and the myofers

A

the myofibers are the cells and the cell is filled wth myfibril

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13
Q

what are muscle satilite cells

A

cells under the basal lamina that regenerate the muscle or to generate more muscles! they build mucle!

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14
Q

what is a dystrophinn linkage

A

it links the actin fibers to protein complex that links accross the membrane to the extra-cellular matirix

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15
Q

why is the dystrophinn linkage important

A

it allows the myofigril contraction with conduct to the connecttive tissue and do useful work

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16
Q

what if there is mutation and damage the dystrophin linkage

A

the cells rip themselves apart and fibers atrophy and die. you get duchenne muscular dystrophy

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17
Q

how do cardiaca and skeletal very

A

myofibril in cardiac are short and branched and not all parallel few nuclei and in the central position. very little connected tissue and no fascicles.

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18
Q

why would heart muscle fall apart when sectioned and preped for image

A

very little connective tissue in them

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19
Q

what structures make the intercalated dscs

A

desmosomes; fasca adherens (hemi-z-line);

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20
Q

what characteristicass differentiate the smooth muscles

A

individual spindle shaped cells, surround by basal lamina and reticular fibers; single,central nuceus, may appear wavy corkscrew shaped. no striation

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21
Q

what arranges the actin filaments in a smooth muscle cell

A

the dense bodiesattach the actin

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22
Q

how is the control of sliding different for smooth muscle the the striated muscle

A

the control is on hte thick filaments and not the actin

23
Q

explain thick filiment cotrol in the smooth muscle cell

A

ca causes calodulin actates myosin light chain kinase this uses atp to actiate the thick filiments

24
Q

what are the mechancal diffrences beween THE striattedan the smooth muscles

A

smooth muscles ares slower but have a greater range of movement control

25
Q

what is the purpose of the nervous sysem

A

to rapily communicate and integrate function i.e. take iput nd integrate to output

26
Q

what are soe general propertes of the nerve cleds

A

structural nd functinal units of NS elecrically excitable,generadte action potentals

27
Q

what are the supportive cells of the nervous system

A

glia

28
Q

whatare the main subdavisona of hte nervu system

A

central nad peripheral

29
Q

what are the dvsions of ht ecentral nervous systemq

A

brain spinal crd

30
Q

what are the main signal transduction of the nerves

A

synaptc inputs to dendrite to cell body to axon to synapses

31
Q

what structural feature really dictates the function of nervous cels

A

the arrangement of the cell dendrites of the axos

32
Q

using H and E standard stain what is the limitation with neurons

A

the inability to see the process of the neurons, need a golgi stain

33
Q

what are the dendrites

A

usurally short highly branched sections of the neural xons, that have little spnes

34
Q

what are the form and functions of dendrtes

A

have small dendritic pins that help modulate and isolate inputs and strongly implicated s being important in learning and memory.

35
Q

what is the structure and function of the neural cell body

A

the soma or perkaryon is responsible for metabolcand synthetic center with a large euchoaic uceus (light colored). large aont of rough ER. and golgi

36
Q

why would neurons have so much ER nad golgi

A

bcuase tey send a lt of vasculated proteins to the membrane

37
Q

why is damage of a neuron cell so bad

A

they don’t divide

38
Q

what cells provide myelination

A

glial

39
Q

what are macroglia

A

astrocytes, radial glia, and oligodendrcytes. that

40
Q

what are astrocytes

A

star shaped cells that touch capillaries, cntain GFAP

41
Q

describe the mcroglia

A

derived from precursors in bone marow, usually inert, but when acive the are macrophages, comon at injury, present antigens , cytokines, eurotxinsa and mediate neropathic pain.

42
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

create myelinate and ndees of ranvier speeds conduction velocty

43
Q

where are schwann cells located?

A

in the periphery nervous cels

44
Q

what functions might a schwnn cell have

A

regulate the environment, and myolnate oly one segment of oe nerve. come becme phagcytotic. can help regenerate the lost nerve cells

45
Q

epinerurium

A

the outside sheeth around a nerve bundles

46
Q

perineurium

A

the sheeth around individual nerve bundles

47
Q

gray vs. the white matter

A

gray: neurons, dendrites and thier synapses;

White matter: axons, no neuronal cell bodies. Both have astrocytes oligodendrocytes, and microglia

48
Q

ependymal cells

A

the lining of the central canal and the ventricles. Like an epithelia, but express GRAP, so uniquely nervous tissue. simple cuboidal or columnar.

49
Q

choroid plexus

A

when the pia and ependyma come close, and produce a very vascularized tissue in produce the bulk of the CSF

50
Q

blood brain barrier

A

tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells. stop large moecules from passing

51
Q

astrocyte purpose

A

regulate extracellular environment, control level of ions and transmitters

52
Q

oligodendrycytes purpose

A

myelinate multiple axons,

53
Q

microglia purpose

A

bone marrow cells the adre activated by infection or damage

FOM Quiz 1 (17 decks)

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