8/24 Spinal Nerves Anatomy

Question 1

Describe the Ventral Root

Answer 1

This is the one way street that is going out of the spinal chord (motor neurons). epharant information!

Question 2

Describe the Dorsal Root

Answer 2

This is the one way street that is coming into the spinal cord (sensory neurons).

Question 3

How is the spinal cord and roots like dublin city center

Answer 3

Dublin city center has one way streets! spinal roots are like one way streets, so that things stay organized. The Dorsal Roots have ony sensory information (afferent infor) and the Ventral root has only motor info (efferent info)

Question 4

Acronym Dave and the roots?!

Answer 4

Dorsal Afferent Ventral Efferant This will help you remember the dorsal vs. ventral.

Question 5

Describe Rami

Answer 5

They are now two way streets for both the motor and sensory information to and from the spinal cord

Question 6

Describe Ventral Ramus

Answer 6

To the body wall and limbs and coming from the body wall and limbs. These come segmentally from the cord levels, they often form a plexus (or a network of nerves)

Question 7

What are the names of the plexuses formed by ventral rami?

Answer 7

from the head to the coccidual: Cervical Plexus - in the neck and to the body wall muscles of the neck Brachial plesxus- skin of the upper limbs intercostal nerves skin of the ribs lumbar plexus- body wall and lower limb saccreal plexus- lower limb

Question 8

What region of the body are the plexuses of the ventral ramus located located

Answer 8

In the cervical region, Brachial region, Lumbar region, and the saccreal region

Question 9

Describe Dorsal Ramus

Answer 9

The dorsal ramus: skin of the back and the deep back muscles (intrinsic, paraspinal, true deep back muscles): one-way street

Question 10

The tree analogy and the nerves:

Answer 10

Tree: Roots/Trunk/Branches; Nerves: Roots (out of the spinal chord)/spinal Nerve Trunk (coming out of the spinal chord)/ Rami (branches into the muscles etc.

Question 11

describe the pathway of the dorsal ramus and the vental ramus

Answer 11

coming out of the spinal cord, the dorsal ramus corse straight back through the deep back muscles to the skin of the back; The ventral ramus course out of the spinal cord and lateral along the ribs!

Question 12

Why do spinal nerves in the rostral spinal cord course horizontally but will course obliquely and then vertically at the caudal spinal cord level

Answer 12

Becuase of the discrepancy between the length of the vetebral colomn and the spinal cord. The cord stops around L1 and L2 and then the conus medularus and the cauda equina extends below that.

Question 13

describe Myotomes

Answer 13

The specific region of muscle controled by a specific spinal cord level:

C5: Shoulder Abduction (Deltoid)

C6: Elbow flexion (Biceps: Brachiorad)

C7: Elbow Extension (Triceps)

C8: Wrist Flexion (FDS)

T1: Finger Abduction (DABs)

L2- Hip Flexion (iliopsoas)

L4- Knee extension (quad fem)

L5- Dorsiflexion (tibialis anterior)

S1- Plantar Flexion (gastrocnemius)

Question 14

Describe dermatomes

Answer 14

Specific regions of the skin that are innervated by specific sensory neurons:

C4(collar)

C5 (lateral shoulder)

C6 (Thumb)

C7 (no Heaven)

C8 (pinky)

T4 (teet-pore)

T7 (Xiphoid)

T10 (belly But Ten)

L1 (inguinal LLigament)

L4 (medial Malleolus)

L5 (top of foot)

S1 (heel)

Question 15

What are the three parts of the ANS?

Answer 15

Sympahtetic Parasympathetic enteric

Question 16

What are the functions of the ANS?

Answer 16

Sympahtetic “fight or flight” (heart rate goes up , resp. up, blood pressure up, pupils dialate, the digestive goes down etc.) Parasympathetic “Rest and Digest” (digest, parastalisis, reproductive, etc.) Enteric

Question 17

Diagram the pathway pattern of the ANS:

Answer 17

Question 18

Diagram the pathway pattern of the ANS: (Sympathetics)

Answer 18

Question 19

Diagram the pathway pattern of the ANS: (Parasympathetics)

Answer 19

Question 20

What do neural crest cells eventually become

Answer 20

They become all the peripheral nerve ganglia

Question 21

how are neural crest cells like graduating medical students

Answer 21

They migrate or stay at the “U” like grad. med students, some go far, some not too far at all.

Question 22

Where are the following located on a developing Embryo: Neural crest ells Dorsal Root ganglion paravertebral ganglia Preaortic ganglia

Answer 22

The neural crest cells are just lateral and dorsal to the nural tube; the dorsal root Gangian derive from the neural crest cells that don’t go very far. The Paravetebral ganglia migrate down to just below the notochord. The Preaortic ganglia migrate to just below the developing aortic and IVC. The Intramural ganglia migrate down near the gut tube. This develops the location for all of the ANS gangleons!

Question 23

what are the adult derivatives for neural crest cell migration? and where are these located?

Answer 23

The ANS Gangleons

The ANS Gangleons are in the Dorsal root (for viseral sensory); In the pre-arotic and the sympathetic chain for the sympathetic motor and in the organs for the parasympathetic motor

Question 24

what types of tissue do the ANS innervate

Answer 24

Cardiac muscle; smooth muscle of artery; Glandualar tissue;

Question 25

What spinal colomn sections innervate the sympathetic nervous sytem

Answer 25

The T1-L2 levels

Question 26

What organ do the Pre-Aortic Gangeons innervate:

Answer 26

GI Tract; Adrenal Glands; Blood Vessels; Renal System; Pelvic organs;

Question 27

What organs do the Sympathetic chain gangleons innervate?

Answer 27

Head and Neck

Heart and Lungs

Blood Vessels

Sweat Glands

Question 28

What is the name of the short nerve track connecting the ventral ramus and the sympathetic gangleon?

Answer 28

The White ramus communican is the road into the gangleon

The Gray ramus communicans is the road out of the gangleons.

Question 29

Name the Pre-aortic ganglia from the superior to the inferior

Answer 29

Celiac Gangleon

Superior Mesenteric ganglion

Aorticorenal ganglion

Inferior Mesenteric ganglion

Superior Hypogastric Plexus

Hypogastric nerve

Inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 30

What are the origins of he Parasympathetic nerves.

Answer 30

Brain Stem and S2-S4

Question 31

Where do the parasympathetic neurons synapse?

Answer 31

Intermural ganglia

Question 32

What levels of the parasympathetic innervate what sections of the body:

Answer 32

The midgut and up is the cranial nerve (CN 3,7,9 and expecially 10).

The hind gut and paraneum etc. is S2-S4

Question 34

what neurotransmitters are used in the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 34

Acetyl Choline is used by both parasympathetic and sympathetic pre-gangleon;

Neuroepinephrin is used by the sympathetic system post gangleon.

Acetyl choline is used bye the parasympathetic post gagleon.