8/22/13 Flashcards
two major processes of necrosis
enzymatic digestion (autolysis and heterolysis), protein degradation
Where enzymatic digestion prevails is called____
liquefactive necrosis
Where protein degradation prevails is called_____
coagulation necrosis
Where does coagulation necrosis occur
In cells experiencing hypoxic death in all tissues except the CNS, because CNS does not have stored glycogen
Characteristic of focal bacterial or fungal infections, obliterates structure
liquefactive necrosis
Acids denature structural proteins in this type of necrosis
coagulation necrosis
Necrosis involves distal part of limb and is coagulation necrosis which is superimposed by bacterial infection and liquefactive necrosis
Gangrenous necrosis
Type of necrosis that is caused by tuberclous infection and the necrotic area is white and cheesy, devoid of any structure
Caseous necrosis
Pancreatic lipases attack tyrglycerides in the mesentry and omentum, releasing fatty acids which combine with calcium to form chaly white areas
Fat necrosis
calcification in areas of necrosis despite normal levels of calcium
dystrophic calcification
calcification due to high levels of calcium because of abnormal hormone levels or tumor causing bone destruction
metastatic calcification
Always due to irreversible cell damage, involves many cells
Necrosis
May follow cell injury but not necessary, involves isolated cells
Apoptosis
Which type of cell death leads to inflammation
Necrosis
Extrinsic pathway for apoptosis requires these receptors
Fas, TNF recptors
Intrinsic pathway for Apoptosis relies on which organelle
mitochondria
Extrinsic pathway for apoptosis
Receptor trimerizes after TNF attaches–> procaspase 8 converted to caspase 8–> caspase 8 cleaves procaspase 3–> caspase 3 activates endonucleases and proteases
Intrinsic Pathway for apoptosis
Mitchondria after damage releases cytochrome C–> cytochrom C binds with APAF and procaspase 9–> cleavage of procaspase 9–> caspase 9 cleaves procaspase 3–> caspase 3 does its thang
Promote cell survival and anti-apoptosis, how
Bcl 2 group prevents mitochondrial ptp
Promote cell death, apoptosis, how
Bax, BAK, promotes mitochondrial ptp
normal endogenous accumulation is a result of
inadequate rate of removal
abnormal endogenous accumulation is a result of
a defect in the metabolic or synthetic pathway (lysomal storage disease)
exogenous accumulation is a result of
no mechanism for transport or degradation
protein inclusion in the RER of the plasma cell
Russell Bodies
Exogenous pigments
Carbon, tatoo
Endogenous pigments
Bilirubin, hemosiderin, lipofuscin, melanin
