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Science Year 7 > 7L - Sound > Flashcards

7L - Sound Flashcards

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1
Q

Does sound transfer energy?

A

Yes

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2
Q

When is sound made?

A

When things vibrate

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3
Q

Why does sound need a medium (substance) to pass on the vibrations?

A

The vibrations are passed on by particles.

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4
Q

Can sound travel through a vacuum?

A

No. (no particles, so vibrations can’t be passed on).

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5
Q

What is the speed of sound in air?

A

340 m/s

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6
Q

Where does sound travel fastest: in solids, liquids or gases?

A

Solids, then liquids then gases.

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7
Q

Why does sound travel faster in solids than in gases?

A

Particles are closer together so they hit each other with more easily and so the energy is more likely to be passed on.

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8
Q

What is the frequency of a wave?

A

The number of complete waves passing a point each second.

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9
Q

What is the unit for frequency?

A

Hertz (Hz) (1 hertz is 1 wave per second)

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10
Q

What is pitch?

A

How high or low a sound is.

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11
Q

What pitch would a wave with high frequency have?

A

High pitch.

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12
Q

What wave would a wave with low frequency have?

A

Low pitch.

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13
Q

What is the amplitude of a wave?

A

How far particles move as the vibrations pass.

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14
Q

Name two synonyms of ‘loudness’ of a sound.

A

Volume. Intensity.

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15
Q

The higher the amplitude, the higher the…

A

Volume/intensity/loudness of the sound.

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16
Q

What is used to measure the loudness of a sound?

A

A sound intensity meter.

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17
Q

What are the units for the intensity of a sound?

A

Decibels (dB).

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18
Q

Can sound waves be reflected?

A

Yes. Usually if the material is hard.

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19
Q

Can sound waves be absorbed?

A

Yes. Usually with soft materials.

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20
Q

The sound waves that aren’t reflected or absorbed by the material are…

A

transmitted by the material.

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21
Q

Why does the intensity of a sound gets lower as you get further from its source?

A

The energy being transferred spreads out in all directions because the particles move in all directions.

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22
Q

How is sound recorded by a microphone?

A

Sound waves make a diaphragm vibrate. The vibrations are then converted to electrical signals.

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23
Q

How can ears detect sound and send it to our brains?

A
  1. Sound waves make the eardrum vibrate. 2. Vibrations are amplified by 3 small ear bones. 3. Vibrations pass to the liquid inside the cochlea. 4. Tiny hairs inside the cochlea detect them and send impulses along the auditory nerve to our brain
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24
Q

What is an auditory range?

A

The range of frequencies an animal can hear.

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25
Q

What is the auditory range for humans?

A

20 - 20000 Hz

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26
Q

What is infrasound?

A

Sound with frequencies below 20 Hz

27
Q

What is ultrasound?

A

Sound with frequencies above 20 000 Hz

28
Q

What are the uses of sound? (5)

A
  • Communication. - Ultrasound for echolocation (dolphins and bats). - Ultrasound in sonars (finding depth of sea or locating fish or submarines). - Ultrasound to clean delicate objects (jewellery) - Ultrasound in physiotherapy to relieve pain and aid healing.
29
Q

In transverse waves, particles vibrate…

A

at right angles to the direction of travel.

30
Q

In longitudinal waves, particles vibrate…

A

In the direction of travel.

31
Q

Name a transverse wave

A

Water waves.

32
Q

Name a longitudinal wave

A

Sound waves.

33
Q

What do all waves have in common? (3)

A
  • Transfer energy without transferring matter. - Can be reflected, transmitted or absorbed. - Can affect other waves by superposition.
34
Q

What happens during superposition?

A

The effects of the waves add up or cancel out.

35
Q

How do sonars measure the depth of the water?

A
  • Send ultrasound waves. - Sound waves then reflect and travel back to the sonar. - The sonar detects the waves and measures the time taken: the greater the time taken, the more deep the water is.
36
Q

What is A?

A

Ear canal

37
Q

What is B?

A

Ear drum

38
Q

What is C?

A

Ear bones

39
Q

What is D?

A

Auditory nerve

40
Q

What is E?

A

cochlea

41
Q

How are the air particles at A?

A

Closer together

42
Q

How are the air particles at B?

A

Further apart.

43
Q

What is A?

A

Crest

44
Q

What is B?

A

Through

45
Q

What is C?

A

Amplitude

46
Q

What is to vibrate?

A

To move forwards and backwards.

47
Q

What are the vocal folds?

A

Flaps of skin in our throat that vibrate to make the sound when we speak.

48
Q

What is a medium?

A

Any subtance through which something happens.

49
Q

What is a pressure wave?

A

Waves where the vibration of particles transfers energy.

50
Q

What is a source?

A

Where waves begin.

51
Q

What is a vacuum?

A

A completely empty space, that contains no particles.

52
Q

What is density?

A

A measure of a substance’s mass per unit volume (g/cm^3).

53
Q

What is a line (or curve) of best fit?

A

A lne drawn through a set of points on a scatter graph so that about half of the points are on each side of the line.

54
Q

What is quantitative data?

A

Data that can be measured with numbers.

55
Q

What is qualitative data?

A

Data that can be described with words, rather than measured with numbers.

56
Q

What is an oscilloscope?

A

An instrument which shows a picture of a wave on a screen.

57
Q

What is the trace on an oscilloscope?

A

The line on an oscilloscope screen that represents a wave.

58
Q

What is the auditory nerve?

A

The nerve that carries impulse from an ear to the brain.

59
Q

What is the diaphragm of a microphone?

A

A thin sheet of flexible material.

60
Q

What is ear protection?

A

Ear plugs or covers for the ears that stop loud sounds damaging the ear.

61
Q

What is an impulse?

A

An electrical sign that travels in the nervous system.

62
Q

What is echo?

A

Sound that we hear again after it has reflected off a surface.

63
Q
A

Science Year 7 (11 decks)

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