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Science Year 7 > 7F - Acids and alkalis > Flashcards

7F - Acids and alkalis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a hazard?

A

Somethin.g that can cause harm

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2
Q

What is a risk?

A

The chance that a hazard will actually cause harm.

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3
Q

How can risks be reduced?

A

By taking safety precautions: wearing eye protection when handling dangerous chemicals, tying long hair back when handling a Bunsen burner etc.

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4
Q

What taste do acids have?

A

Sour

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5
Q

What happens if you add water to a concentrated acid?

A

It becomes more dilute.

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6
Q

Is citric acid an acid or an alkali?

A

Acid

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7
Q

Is vinegar acidic or an alkaline?

A

Acidic

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8
Q

Are fizzy drinks acidic or alkaline?

A

Acidic

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9
Q

Is car battery acid an acid or an alkali?

A

Acid

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10
Q

Is toothpaste acidic or alkaline?

A

Alkaline

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11
Q

Are cleaning products normally acidic or alkaline?

A

Alkaline

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12
Q

Are metal hydroxide solutions acidic or alkaline?

A

Alkaline

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13
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A soluble base.

A base is any substance that neutralizes an acid to form salt and water.

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14
Q

What is a base?

A

Any substance (soluble or insoluble) that neutralizes an acid to form a salt and water.

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15
Q

What are indicators?

A

Substances that change colour with pH so can be used to detect acids, alkalis and neutral solutions.

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16
Q

What colour is litmus in an acid?

A

Red

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17
Q

What colour is litmus in an alkali?

A

Blue

18
Q

What colour is litmus when neutral?

A

Purple

19
Q

The …. the pH, the more acidic a substance is

A

The lower the pH, the more acidic a substance is.

20
Q

What is the pH of neutral solution?

A

pH 7

21
Q

What pH do acids have?

A

Less than pH 7.

22
Q

What pH do alkalis have?

A

From 7 - 14.

23
Q

What is the general equation for a reaction between an acid and an alkali?

A

Acid + alkali > salt + water

24
Q

What is the general equation for a reaction between an acid and a base?

A

Acid + base > salt + water

25
Q

What are the reactants?

A

Substances you start with and are written on the left side of the word equations.

26
Q

What are the products?

A

the new substances that are made and are written on the right side of the equation.

27
Q

Name the reactants in this equation:

Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide > sodium chloride + water

A

Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide

28
Q

Name the products in this equation:

Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide > sodium chloride + water

A

Sodium chloride + water

29
Q

What sign is used in a chemical equation between the reactants and products?

A

An arrow (never put a ‘=’ sign)

30
Q

The first name of a salt produced is the name of…

A

the name of the metal in the alkali or base.

31
Q

The second name of a salt comes from…

A

the name of the acid (i.e. hydrochloric acid = chloride)

32
Q

what is the name of the salt formed from hydrochloric acid and zinc oxide?

A

Zinc chloride

33
Q

What is the name of the salt formed when magnesium oxide reacts with nitric acid?

A

Magnesium nitrate

34
Q

What is the name of the salt formed when copper oxide reacts with sulfuric acid?

A

copper sulfate

35
Q

Are metal cides acidic or basic?

A

Basic

36
Q

What are antacids?

A

Medicines that people take if they have digestion problems caused by too much acid on their stomach, They contain a base that neutralizes the extra acid.

37
Q

What do farmers do if their soil gets too acidic?

A

Spread lime (a base) on the soil to neutralize the acid.

38
Q

How do toothpaste work?

A

Contains a mild alkali to neutralize the acid in our mouths.

39
Q

How are acidic gases coming out from power stations treated?

A

They can be reacted with alkalis to neutralize them.

40
Q

How is sulfuric acid used to treat rust?

A

Sulfuric acid reacts with rust (iron oxide = basic) to neutralize it.

Science Year 7 (11 decks)

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