7F - Acids and alkalis

Question 1

What is a hazard?

Answer 1

Somethin.g that can cause harm

Question 2

What is a risk?

Answer 2

The chance that a hazard will actually cause harm.

Question 3

How can risks be reduced?

Answer 3

By taking safety precautions: wearing eye protection when handling dangerous chemicals, tying long hair back when handling a Bunsen burner etc.

Question 4

What taste do acids have?

Answer 4

Sour

Question 5

What happens if you add water to a concentrated acid?

Answer 5

It becomes more dilute.

Question 6

Is citric acid an acid or an alkali?

Answer 6

Acid

Question 7

Is vinegar acidic or an alkaline?

Answer 7

Acidic

Question 8

Are fizzy drinks acidic or alkaline?

Answer 8

Acidic

Question 9

Is car battery acid an acid or an alkali?

Answer 9

Acid

Question 10

Is toothpaste acidic or alkaline?

Answer 10

Alkaline

Question 11

Are cleaning products normally acidic or alkaline?

Answer 11

Alkaline

Question 12

Are metal hydroxide solutions acidic or alkaline?

Answer 12

Alkaline

Question 13

What is an alkali?

Answer 13

A soluble base.

A base is any substance that neutralizes an acid to form salt and water.

Question 14

What is a base?

Answer 14

Any substance (soluble or insoluble) that neutralizes an acid to form a salt and water.

Question 15

What are indicators?

Answer 15

Substances that change colour with pH so can be used to detect acids, alkalis and neutral solutions.

Question 16

What colour is litmus in an acid?

Answer 16

Red

Question 17

What colour is litmus in an alkali?

Answer 17

Blue

Question 18

What colour is litmus when neutral?

Answer 18

Purple

Question 19

The …. the pH, the more acidic a substance is

Answer 19

The lower the pH, the more acidic a substance is.

Question 20

What is the pH of neutral solution?

Answer 20

pH 7

Question 21

What pH do acids have?

Answer 21

Less than pH 7.

Question 22

What pH do alkalis have?

Answer 22

From 7 - 14.

Question 23

What is the general equation for a reaction between an acid and an alkali?

Answer 23

Acid + alkali > salt + water

Question 24

What is the general equation for a reaction between an acid and a base?

Answer 24

Acid + base > salt + water

Question 25

What are the reactants?

Answer 25

Substances you start with and are written on the left side of the word equations.

Question 26

What are the products?

Answer 26

the new substances that are made and are written on the right side of the equation.

Question 27

Name the reactants in this equation: | Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide > sodium chloride + water

Answer 27

Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide

Question 28

Name the products in this equation: | Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide > sodium chloride + water

Answer 28

Sodium chloride + water

Question 29

What sign is used in a chemical equation between the reactants and products?

Answer 29

An arrow (never put a '=' sign)

Question 30

The first name of a salt produced is the name of...

Answer 30

the name of the metal in the alkali or base.

Question 31

The second name of a salt comes from...

Answer 31

the name of the acid (i.e. hydrochloric acid = chloride)

Question 32

what is the name of the salt formed from hydrochloric acid and zinc oxide?

Answer 32

Zinc chloride

Question 33

What is the name of the salt formed when magnesium oxide reacts with nitric acid?

Answer 33

Magnesium nitrate

Question 34

What is the name of the salt formed when copper oxide reacts with sulfuric acid?

Answer 34

copper sulfate

Question 35

Are metal cides acidic or basic?

Answer 35

Basic

Question 36

What are antacids?

Answer 36

Medicines that people take if they have digestion problems caused by too much acid on their stomach, They contain a base that neutralizes the extra acid.

Question 37

What do farmers do if their soil gets too acidic?

Answer 37

Spread lime (a base) on the soil to neutralize the acid.

Question 38

How do toothpaste work?

Answer 38

Contains a mild alkali to neutralize the acid in our mouths.

Question 39

How are acidic gases coming out from power stations treated?

Answer 39

They can be reacted with alkalis to neutralize them.

Question 40

How is sulfuric acid used to treat rust?

Answer 40

Sulfuric acid reacts with rust (iron oxide = basic) to neutralize it.