7C - Muscles and bones Flashcards
Are bones organs?
Yes, they are organs
What are the three functions of the skeleton?
- Protect organs - Supports body - Allows you to move
Why are bones hard?
To withstand knocks and pressure.
Why are bones light?
So they are easy to move.
What does the hollow centre of bones contain?
Bone marrow, where blood cells are made.
Can muscles push?
No. They can only pull.
How do antgonistic pairs of muscles work?
One muscle contracts (gets shorter and fatter) to pull a bone. The other muscle pair relaxes.
i.e. biceps and triceps
Hoe are muscles controlled?
By the nervous system. Impulses from the brain travel down the spinal chord and along nerves to muscles.
How are muscle cells adapted to their function?
contain strands that can shorten to produce a pulling force.
Does muscle contraction require energy?
Yes
From which process is the energy required for muscle contraction obtained?
Respiration
How are the nutrients and oxygen needed for respiration carried to the muscles?
in the blood: oxygen is carried on red blood cells and nutrients, in the plasma.
Which system allows air to enter and leave the lungs, so that oxygen can get into the blood and carbon dioxide can leave the blood?
Gas exchange / breathing system
What is carbon dioxide?
A waste product from respiration
Carbon dioxide is …. when you exhale
excreted
What is breathing?
The movement of the muscles in your diaphragm and between the ribs, which cause changes in the volume of the lungs.
What is ventilation?
The movement of air into and out of the lungs as breathing occurs.
What happens when you breathe in (inhalation)?
Muscles in the diaphragm contract, moving it downwards.
Muscles between and attached to the ribs contract, pulling the ribs up and out.
What happens when you breathe out (exhalation)?
Muscles in the diaphragm relax, allowing the diaphragm to rise.
Muscles in between the ribs relax, and the ribs move down and in.
Which blood vessel carries blood to the heart?
Veins
Which blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
Arteries
What are capillaries?
Blood vessels conecting arteries and veins. Have thin walls to allow oxygen and nutrients to leave the blood and get into the tissue. (Co2 moves from the tissue into the capillary).
What is the pulse?
When the pumping of the heart can be felt in arteries.
What are drugs?
Chemicals that affect how the body works.
Can some drugs damage your organs?
Yes. Specially if they are abused.
Are all drugs addictive?
No. Only some.
What are medicines? give an example.
Drugs that can help people who are suffering from diseases. i.e. antibiotics
What are recreational drugs?
Drugs that people take because they like the effect that they have on their bodies (like caffeine or alcohol).
What type of drug is caffeine? (found in coffee)
Recreational, stimulant, legal drug.
What type of drug is alcohol?
A recreational, depressant, legal drug.
What type of drug is heroin?
A recreational, depressant, ilegal drug.
What type of drug is ecstasy?
A recreational, stimulant, ilegal drug.
Why are some drugs ilegal?
Because they have harmful side-effects.
What are depressants?
Drugs that slow down the nervous system. (i.e. alcohol slows reaction times).
What are stimulants?
Drugs that speed up the nervous system (like caffeine).
What is A?
Skull
What is B?
Collar bone
What is C?
Scapula (shoulder blade)
What is D?
Vertebrae (combine to form the backbone/spine)
What is E?
Knee cap
What is F?
Thigh bone
What is G?
Hip
What is H?
Ribcage
What is I?
Sternum
What is J?
Ribs
What happens in the chamber of the hearts so that blood is pumped.
Muscles contract, decreasing the volume of the chambers of the heart, pushing blood out of it.
What connects one bone with another?
Ligament
What connects a muscle to a bone?
Tendon
What is A?
Tendon
What is B?
Cartilage
What is C?
Ligament
Why is the cartilage slippery?
To allow the bones to slide over each other.
What is a drug?
A chemical that affects how the body works.
Are all drugs addictive?
No. Only some are.
What type of drugs are medicines?
Drugs that can help people who are suffering from diseases.
What are recreational drugs?
Drugs that people take because they like the effect that they have on their bodies.
What type of drug is caffeine?
Recreational, stimulant, legal drug.
What type of drug is alcohol?
Recreational, depressant, legal.
What type of drug is heroin?
Recreational, depressant, ilegal.
What type of drug is ecstasy?
Recreational, stimulant, ilegal.
What are depressants?
Drugs that slow down the nervous system
(i.e. alcohol slows down reaction times)
What are stimulants?
Drugs that speed up the nervous system (i.e. caffeine).
