4.1: The statistical infrequency definition

Question 1

Outline and evaluate the statistical infrequency and deviation from ideal mental health definitions of abnormality (16 marks)

Answer 1

The statistical infrequency definition sees behaviours that are rare as abnormal

Question 2

Outline and evaluate the statistical infrequency and deviation from ideal mental health definitions of abnormality (16 marks).
The statistical infrequency definition sees behaviours that are rare as abnormal.
What does the normal distribution curve show?​

Answer 2

The normal distribution curve shows the majority of people as being in the middle​

Question 3

Outline and evaluate the statistical infrequency and deviation from ideal mental health definitions of abnormality (16 marks).
The statistical infrequency definition sees behaviours that are rare as abnormal.
The normal distribution curve shows the majority of people as being in the middle - what are these people defined as?

Answer 3

The normal distribution curve shows the majority of people as being in the middle - these people are defined as ‘normal’​

Question 4

Outline and evaluate the statistical infrequency and deviation from ideal mental health definitions of abnormality (16 marks).
The statistical infrequency definition sees behaviours that are rare as abnormal.
The normal distribution curve shows the majority of people as being in the middle - these people are defined as ‘normal.’
Where do relatively few people fall?

Answer 4

Relatively few people fall at either end​

Question 5

Outline and evaluate the statistical infrequency and deviation from ideal mental health definitions of abnormality (16 marks).
The statistical infrequency definition sees behaviours that are rare as abnormal.
The normal distribution curve shows the majority of people as being in the middle - these people are defined as ‘normal.’
Relatively few people fall at either end - who are these?

Answer 5

Relatively few people fall at either end - these are the extremes​

Question 6

Outline and evaluate the statistical infrequency and deviation from ideal mental health definitions of abnormality (16 marks).
The statistical infrequency definition sees behaviours that are rare as abnormal.
The normal distribution curve shows the majority of people as being in the middle - these people are defined as ‘normal.’
Relatively few people fall at either end - these are the extremes.
If they are, then what?

Answer 6

If they are, then they’re defined as abnormal

Question 7

Outline and evaluate the statistical infrequency and deviation from ideal mental health definitions of abnormality (16 marks).
The statistical infrequency definition sees behaviours that are rare as abnormal.
The normal distribution curve shows the majority of people as being in the middle - these people are defined as ‘normal.’
Relatively few people fall at either end - these are the extremes.
If they are, then they’re defined as abnormal.

Deviation from the ideal mental health definition

Answer 7

The deviation from the ideal mental health definition is that abnormal behaviour is that which fails to meet prescribed criteria for psychological wellbeing

Question 8

Outline and evaluate the statistical infrequency and deviation from ideal mental health definitions of abnormality (16 marks).
The statistical infrequency definition sees behaviours that are rare as abnormal.
The normal distribution curve shows the majority of people as being in the middle - these people are defined as ‘normal.’
Relatively few people fall at either end - these are the extremes.
If they are, then they’re defined as abnormal.

The deviation from the ideal mental health definition is that abnormal behaviour is that which fails to meet prescribed criteria for psychological wellbeing.
Who devised the concept of ideal mental health?

Answer 8

Marie Jahoda (1958) devised the concept of ideal mental health

Question 9

Outline and evaluate the statistical infrequency and deviation from ideal mental health definitions of abnormality (16 marks).
The statistical infrequency definition sees behaviours that are rare as abnormal.
The normal distribution curve shows the majority of people as being in the middle - these people are defined as ‘normal.’
Relatively few people fall at either end - these are the extremes.
If they are, then they’re defined as abnormal.

The deviation from the ideal mental health definition is that abnormal behaviour is that which fails to meet prescribed criteria for psychological wellbeing.
Marie Jahoda (1958) devised the concept of ideal mental health.
What do the 6 characteristics of ideal mental health include?

Answer 9

The 6 characteristics of ideal mental health include:

1. An accurate perception of reality
2. Self-actualisation
3. Autonomy
4. A positive attitude towards oneself

Question 10

Outline and evaluate the statistical infrequency and deviation from ideal mental health definitions of abnormality (16 marks).
The statistical infrequency definition sees behaviours that are rare as abnormal.
The normal distribution curve shows the majority of people as being in the middle - these people are defined as ‘normal.’
Relatively few people fall at either end - these are the extremes.
If they are, then they’re defined as abnormal.

The deviation from the ideal mental health definition is that abnormal behaviour is that which fails to meet prescribed criteria for psychological wellbeing.
Marie Jahoda (1958) devised the concept of ideal mental health.
The 6 characteristics of ideal mental health include an accurate perception of reality, self-actualisation, autonomy and a positive attitude towards oneself.

First AO3 PEEL paragraph

Answer 10

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that sometimes the statistical infrequency definition can be more appropriate when there is a clear measurement

Question 11

Outline and evaluate the statistical infrequency and deviation from ideal mental health definitions of abnormality (16 marks).
The statistical infrequency definition sees behaviours that are rare as abnormal.
The normal distribution curve shows the majority of people as being in the middle - these people are defined as ‘normal.’
Relatively few people fall at either end - these are the extremes.
If they are, then they’re defined as abnormal.

The deviation from the ideal mental health definition is that abnormal behaviour is that which fails to meet prescribed criteria for psychological wellbeing.
Marie Jahoda (1958) devised the concept of ideal mental health.
The 6 characteristics of ideal mental health include an accurate perception of reality, self-actualisation, autonomy and a positive attitude towards oneself.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that sometimes the statistical infrequency definition can be more appropriate when there is a clear measurement.
In many situations, what?

Answer 11

In many situations, statistical criteria can define abnormality

Question 12

Outline and evaluate the statistical infrequency and deviation from ideal mental health definitions of abnormality (16 marks).
The statistical infrequency definition sees behaviours that are rare as abnormal.
The normal distribution curve shows the majority of people as being in the middle - these people are defined as ‘normal.’
Relatively few people fall at either end - these are the extremes.
If they are, then they’re defined as abnormal.

The deviation from the ideal mental health definition is that abnormal behaviour is that which fails to meet prescribed criteria for psychological wellbeing.
Marie Jahoda (1958) devised the concept of ideal mental health.
The 6 characteristics of ideal mental health include an accurate perception of reality, self-actualisation, autonomy and a positive attitude towards oneself.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that sometimes the statistical infrequency definition can be more appropriate when there is a clear measurement.
In many situations, statistical criteria can define abnormality.
Example

Answer 12

For example, mental retardation with IQ

Question 13

Outline and evaluate the statistical infrequency and deviation from ideal mental health definitions of abnormality (16 marks).
The statistical infrequency definition sees behaviours that are rare as abnormal.
The normal distribution curve shows the majority of people as being in the middle - these people are defined as ‘normal.’
Relatively few people fall at either end - these are the extremes.
If they are, then they’re defined as abnormal.

The deviation from the ideal mental health definition is that abnormal behaviour is that which fails to meet prescribed criteria for psychological wellbeing.
Marie Jahoda (1958) devised the concept of ideal mental health.
The 6 characteristics of ideal mental health include an accurate perception of reality, self-actualisation, autonomy and a positive attitude towards oneself.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that sometimes the statistical infrequency definition can be more appropriate when there is a clear measurement.
In many situations, statistical criteria can define abnormality.
For example, mental retardation with IQ - what is there?

Answer 13

For example, mental retardation with IQ - there is a clear cut-off point

Question 14

Outline and evaluate the statistical infrequency and deviation from ideal mental health definitions of abnormality (16 marks).
The statistical infrequency definition sees behaviours that are rare as abnormal.
The normal distribution curve shows the majority of people as being in the middle - these people are defined as ‘normal.’
Relatively few people fall at either end - these are the extremes.
If they are, then they’re defined as abnormal.

The deviation from the ideal mental health definition is that abnormal behaviour is that which fails to meet prescribed criteria for psychological wellbeing.
Marie Jahoda (1958) devised the concept of ideal mental health.
The 6 characteristics of ideal mental health include an accurate perception of reality, self-actualisation, autonomy and a positive attitude towards oneself.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that sometimes the statistical infrequency definition can be more appropriate when there is a clear measurement.
In many situations, statistical criteria can define abnormality.
For example, mental retardation with IQ - there is a clear cut-off point.
However, what?

Answer 14

However, it’s not clear how far behaviour should deviate from the norm to be seen as abnormal

Question 15

Outline and evaluate the statistical infrequency and deviation from ideal mental health definitions of abnormality (16 marks).
The statistical infrequency definition sees behaviours that are rare as abnormal.
The normal distribution curve shows the majority of people as being in the middle - these people are defined as ‘normal.’
Relatively few people fall at either end - these are the extremes.
If they are, then they’re defined as abnormal.

The deviation from the ideal mental health definition is that abnormal behaviour is that which fails to meet prescribed criteria for psychological wellbeing.
Marie Jahoda (1958) devised the concept of ideal mental health.
The 6 characteristics of ideal mental health include an accurate perception of reality, self-actualisation, autonomy and a positive attitude towards oneself.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that sometimes the statistical infrequency definition can be more appropriate when there is a clear measurement.
In many situations, statistical criteria can define abnormality.
For example, mental retardation with IQ - there is a clear cut-off point.
However, it’s not clear how far behaviour should deviate from the norm to be seen as abnormal.
What do many disorders do?

Answer 15

Many disorders vary greatly between individuals in terms of their severity

Question 16

Outline and evaluate the statistical infrequency and deviation from ideal mental health definitions of abnormality (16 marks).
The statistical infrequency definition sees behaviours that are rare as abnormal.
The normal distribution curve shows the majority of people as being in the middle - these people are defined as ‘normal.’
Relatively few people fall at either end - these are the extremes.
If they are, then they’re defined as abnormal.

The deviation from the ideal mental health definition is that abnormal behaviour is that which fails to meet prescribed criteria for psychological wellbeing.
Marie Jahoda (1958) devised the concept of ideal mental health.
The 6 characteristics of ideal mental health include an accurate perception of reality, self-actualisation, autonomy and a positive attitude towards oneself.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that sometimes the statistical infrequency definition can be more appropriate when there is a clear measurement.
In many situations, statistical criteria can define abnormality.
For example, mental retardation with IQ - there is a clear cut-off point.
However, it’s not clear how far behaviour should deviate from the norm to be seen as abnormal.
Many disorders, like what, vary greatly between individuals in terms of their severity?

Answer 16

Many disorders, like depression, vary greatly between individuals in terms of their severity

Question 17

Outline and evaluate the statistical infrequency and deviation from ideal mental health definitions of abnormality (16 marks).
The statistical infrequency definition sees behaviours that are rare as abnormal.
The normal distribution curve shows the majority of people as being in the middle - these people are defined as ‘normal.’
Relatively few people fall at either end - these are the extremes.
If they are, then they’re defined as abnormal.

The deviation from the ideal mental health definition is that abnormal behaviour is that which fails to meet prescribed criteria for psychological wellbeing.
Marie Jahoda (1958) devised the concept of ideal mental health.
The 6 characteristics of ideal mental health include an accurate perception of reality, self-actualisation, autonomy and a positive attitude towards oneself.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that sometimes the statistical infrequency definition can be more appropriate when there is a clear measurement.
In many situations, statistical criteria can define abnormality.
For example, mental retardation with IQ - there is a clear cut-off point.
However, it’s not clear how far behaviour should deviate from the norm to be seen as abnormal.
Many disorders, like depression, vary greatly between individuals in terms of their severity.

Second AO3 PEEL paragraph

Answer 17

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the criteria of the deviation from ideal mental health definition mainly apply to Western and middle-class cultures​

Question 18

Outline and evaluate the statistical infrequency and deviation from ideal mental health definitions of abnormality (16 marks).
The statistical infrequency definition sees behaviours that are rare as abnormal.
The normal distribution curve shows the majority of people as being in the middle - these people are defined as ‘normal.’
Relatively few people fall at either end - these are the extremes.
If they are, then they’re defined as abnormal.

The deviation from the ideal mental health definition is that abnormal behaviour is that which fails to meet prescribed criteria for psychological wellbeing.
Marie Jahoda (1958) devised the concept of ideal mental health.
The 6 characteristics of ideal mental health include an accurate perception of reality, self-actualisation, autonomy and a positive attitude towards oneself.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that sometimes the statistical infrequency definition can be more appropriate when there is a clear measurement.
In many situations, statistical criteria can define abnormality.
For example, mental retardation with IQ - there is a clear cut-off point.
However, it’s not clear how far behaviour should deviate from the norm to be seen as abnormal.
Many disorders, like depression, vary greatly between individuals in terms of their severity.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the criteria of the deviation from ideal mental health definition mainly apply to Western and middle-class cultures.
Why is self-actualisation relevant to individualist, but not collectivist, cultures?

Answer 18

Self-actualisation is relevant to individualist, but not collectivist, cultures, because they strive for common good, rather than individual attainment, goals and independent success​

Question 19

Outline and evaluate the statistical infrequency and deviation from ideal mental health definitions of abnormality (16 marks).
The statistical infrequency definition sees behaviours that are rare as abnormal.
The normal distribution curve shows the majority of people as being in the middle - these people are defined as ‘normal.’
Relatively few people fall at either end - these are the extremes.
If they are, then they’re defined as abnormal.

The deviation from the ideal mental health definition is that abnormal behaviour is that which fails to meet prescribed criteria for psychological wellbeing.
Marie Jahoda (1958) devised the concept of ideal mental health.
The 6 characteristics of ideal mental health include an accurate perception of reality, self-actualisation, autonomy and a positive attitude towards oneself.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that sometimes the statistical infrequency definition can be more appropriate when there is a clear measurement.
In many situations, statistical criteria can define abnormality.
For example, mental retardation with IQ - there is a clear cut-off point.
However, it’s not clear how far behaviour should deviate from the norm to be seen as abnormal.
Many disorders, like depression, vary greatly between individuals in terms of their severity.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the criteria of the deviation from ideal mental health definition mainly apply to Western and middle-class cultures.
Self-actualisation is relevant to individualist, but not collectivist, cultures, because they strive for common good, rather than individual attainment, goals and independent success.
Collectivist cultures also what?

Answer 19

Collectivist cultures also stress communal goals and behaviours and see autonomy as undesirable​

Question 20

Outline and evaluate the statistical infrequency and deviation from ideal mental health definitions of abnormality (16 marks).
The statistical infrequency definition sees behaviours that are rare as abnormal.
The normal distribution curve shows the majority of people as being in the middle - these people are defined as ‘normal.’
Relatively few people fall at either end - these are the extremes.
If they are, then they’re defined as abnormal.

The deviation from the ideal mental health definition is that abnormal behaviour is that which fails to meet prescribed criteria for psychological wellbeing.
Marie Jahoda (1958) devised the concept of ideal mental health.
The 6 characteristics of ideal mental health include an accurate perception of reality, self-actualisation, autonomy and a positive attitude towards oneself.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that sometimes the statistical infrequency definition can be more appropriate when there is a clear measurement.
In many situations, statistical criteria can define abnormality.
For example, mental retardation with IQ - there is a clear cut-off point.
However, it’s not clear how far behaviour should deviate from the norm to be seen as abnormal.
Many disorders, like depression, vary greatly between individuals in terms of their severity.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the criteria of the deviation from ideal mental health definition mainly apply to Western and middle-class cultures.
Self-actualisation is relevant to individualist, but not collectivist, cultures, because they strive for common good, rather than individual attainment, goals and independent success.
Collectivist cultures also stress communal goals and behaviours and see autonomy as undesirable.
Therefore, what?

Answer 20

Therefore, the deviation from ideal mental health definition is culturally biased​

Question 21

Outline and evaluate the statistical infrequency and deviation from ideal mental health definitions of abnormality (16 marks).
The statistical infrequency definition sees behaviours that are rare as abnormal.
The normal distribution curve shows the majority of people as being in the middle - these people are defined as ‘normal.’
Relatively few people fall at either end - these are the extremes.
If they are, then they’re defined as abnormal.

The deviation from the ideal mental health definition is that abnormal behaviour is that which fails to meet prescribed criteria for psychological wellbeing.
Marie Jahoda (1958) devised the concept of ideal mental health.
The 6 characteristics of ideal mental health include an accurate perception of reality, self-actualisation, autonomy and a positive attitude towards oneself.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that sometimes the statistical infrequency definition can be more appropriate when there is a clear measurement.
In many situations, statistical criteria can define abnormality.
For example, mental retardation with IQ - there is a clear cut-off point.
However, it’s not clear how far behaviour should deviate from the norm to be seen as abnormal.
Many disorders, like depression, vary greatly between individuals in terms of their severity.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the criteria of the deviation from ideal mental health definition mainly apply to Western and middle-class cultures.
Self-actualisation is relevant to individualist, but not collectivist, cultures, because they strive for common good, rather than individual attainment, goals and independent success.
Collectivist cultures also stress communal goals and behaviours and see autonomy as undesirable.
Therefore, the deviation from ideal mental health definition is culturally biased.

Third AO3 PEEL paragraph

Answer 21

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the deviation from ideal mental health definition identifies target areas of dysfunction

Question 22

Outline and evaluate the statistical infrequency and deviation from ideal mental health definitions of abnormality (16 marks).
The statistical infrequency definition sees behaviours that are rare as abnormal.
The normal distribution curve shows the majority of people as being in the middle - these people are defined as ‘normal.’
Relatively few people fall at either end - these are the extremes.
If they are, then they’re defined as abnormal.

The deviation from the ideal mental health definition is that abnormal behaviour is that which fails to meet prescribed criteria for psychological wellbeing.
Marie Jahoda (1958) devised the concept of ideal mental health.
The 6 characteristics of ideal mental health include an accurate perception of reality, self-actualisation, autonomy and a positive attitude towards oneself.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that sometimes the statistical infrequency definition can be more appropriate when there is a clear measurement.
In many situations, statistical criteria can define abnormality.
For example, mental retardation with IQ - there is a clear cut-off point.
However, it’s not clear how far behaviour should deviate from the norm to be seen as abnormal.
Many disorders, like depression, vary greatly between individuals in terms of their severity.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the criteria of the deviation from ideal mental health definition mainly apply to Western and middle-class cultures.
Self-actualisation is relevant to individualist, but not collectivist, cultures, because they strive for common good, rather than individual attainment, goals and independent success.
Collectivist cultures also stress communal goals and behaviours and see autonomy as undesirable.
Therefore, the deviation from ideal mental health definition is culturally biased.

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the deviation from ideal mental health definition identifies target areas of dysfunction, but what?

Answer 22

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the deviation from ideal mental health definition identifies target areas of dysfunction, but uses criteria that most people cannot achieve

Question 23

Outline and evaluate the statistical infrequency and deviation from ideal mental health definitions of abnormality (16 marks).
The statistical infrequency definition sees behaviours that are rare as abnormal.
The normal distribution curve shows the majority of people as being in the middle - these people are defined as ‘normal.’
Relatively few people fall at either end - these are the extremes.
If they are, then they’re defined as abnormal.

The deviation from the ideal mental health definition is that abnormal behaviour is that which fails to meet prescribed criteria for psychological wellbeing.
Marie Jahoda (1958) devised the concept of ideal mental health.
The 6 characteristics of ideal mental health include an accurate perception of reality, self-actualisation, autonomy and a positive attitude towards oneself.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that sometimes the statistical infrequency definition can be more appropriate when there is a clear measurement.
In many situations, statistical criteria can define abnormality.
For example, mental retardation with IQ - there is a clear cut-off point.
However, it’s not clear how far behaviour should deviate from the norm to be seen as abnormal.
Many disorders, like depression, vary greatly between individuals in terms of their severity.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the criteria of the deviation from ideal mental health definition mainly apply to Western and middle-class cultures.
Self-actualisation is relevant to individualist, but not collectivist, cultures, because they strive for common good, rather than individual attainment, goals and independent success.
Collectivist cultures also stress communal goals and behaviours and see autonomy as undesirable.
Therefore, the deviation from ideal mental health definition is culturally biased.

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the deviation from ideal mental health definition identifies target areas of dysfunction, but uses criteria that most people cannot achieve, while what does the statistical infrequency definition have?

Answer 23

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the deviation from ideal mental health definition identifies target areas of dysfunction, but uses criteria that most people cannot achieve, while the statistical infrequency definition has objective criteria

Question 24

Outline and evaluate the statistical infrequency and deviation from ideal mental health definitions of abnormality (16 marks).
The statistical infrequency definition sees behaviours that are rare as abnormal.
The normal distribution curve shows the majority of people as being in the middle - these people are defined as ‘normal.’
Relatively few people fall at either end - these are the extremes.
If they are, then they’re defined as abnormal.

The deviation from the ideal mental health definition is that abnormal behaviour is that which fails to meet prescribed criteria for psychological wellbeing.
Marie Jahoda (1958) devised the concept of ideal mental health.
The 6 characteristics of ideal mental health include an accurate perception of reality, self-actualisation, autonomy and a positive attitude towards oneself.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that sometimes the statistical infrequency definition can be more appropriate when there is a clear measurement.
In many situations, statistical criteria can define abnormality.
For example, mental retardation with IQ - there is a clear cut-off point.
However, it’s not clear how far behaviour should deviate from the norm to be seen as abnormal.
Many disorders, like depression, vary greatly between individuals in terms of their severity.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the criteria of the deviation from ideal mental health definition mainly apply to Western and middle-class cultures.
Self-actualisation is relevant to individualist, but not collectivist, cultures, because they strive for common good, rather than individual attainment, goals and independent success.
Collectivist cultures also stress communal goals and behaviours and see autonomy as undesirable.
Therefore, the deviation from ideal mental health definition is culturally biased.

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the deviation from ideal mental health definition identifies target areas of dysfunction, but uses criteria that most people cannot achieve, while the statistical infrequency definition has objective criteria, but what?

Answer 24

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the deviation from ideal mental health definition identifies target areas of dysfunction, but uses criteria that most people cannot achieve, while the statistical infrequency definition has objective criteria, but not all infrequent behaviours are abnormal and can actually be desirable

Question 25

Outline and evaluate the statistical infrequency and deviation from ideal mental health definitions of abnormality (16 marks).
The statistical infrequency definition sees behaviours that are rare as abnormal.
The normal distribution curve shows the majority of people as being in the middle - these people are defined as ‘normal.’
Relatively few people fall at either end - these are the extremes.
If they are, then they’re defined as abnormal.

The deviation from the ideal mental health definition is that abnormal behaviour is that which fails to meet prescribed criteria for psychological wellbeing.
Marie Jahoda (1958) devised the concept of ideal mental health.
The 6 characteristics of ideal mental health include an accurate perception of reality, self-actualisation, autonomy and a positive attitude towards oneself.

The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that sometimes the statistical infrequency definition can be more appropriate when there is a clear measurement.
In many situations, statistical criteria can define abnormality.
For example, mental retardation with IQ - there is a clear cut-off point.
However, it’s not clear how far behaviour should deviate from the norm to be seen as abnormal.
Many disorders, like depression, vary greatly between individuals in terms of their severity.

The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the criteria of the deviation from ideal mental health definition mainly apply to Western and middle-class cultures.
Self-actualisation is relevant to individualist, but not collectivist, cultures, because they strive for common good, rather than individual attainment, goals and independent success.
Collectivist cultures also stress communal goals and behaviours and see autonomy as undesirable.
Therefore, the deviation from ideal mental health definition is culturally biased.

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the deviation from ideal mental health definition identifies target areas of dysfunction, but uses criteria that most people cannot achieve, while the statistical infrequency definition has objective criteria, but not all infrequent behaviours are abnormal and can actually be desirable, like what?

Answer 25

The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that the deviation from ideal mental health definition identifies target areas of dysfunction, but uses criteria that most people cannot achieve, while the statistical infrequency definition has objective criteria, but not all infrequent behaviours are abnormal and can actually be desirable, like high IQ