4.5: The biological approach to treating OCD Flashcards
Discuss the biological approach to treating OCD (16 marks)/Outline and evaluate drug therapy as a means of treating OCD (16 marks)
In the case of psychological disorders, drug therapy usually affects neurotransmitter levels
Discuss the biological approach to treating OCD (16 marks)/Outline and evaluate drug therapy as a means of treating OCD (16 marks).
In the case of psychological disorders, drug therapy usually affects neurotransmitter levels.
What are low levels of serotonin associated with?
Low levels of serotonin are associated with both obsessions and compulsions
Discuss the biological approach to treating OCD (16 marks)/Outline and evaluate drug therapy as a means of treating OCD (16 marks).
In the case of psychological disorders, drug therapy usually affects neurotransmitter levels.
Low levels of serotonin are associated with both obsessions and compulsions, so what do OCD drug treatments mainly do?
Low levels of serotonin are associated with both obsessions and compulsions, so OCD drug treatments mainly target (select) the serotonin re-uptake system
Discuss the biological approach to treating OCD (16 marks)/Outline and evaluate drug therapy as a means of treating OCD (16 marks).
In the case of psychological disorders, drug therapy usually affects neurotransmitter levels.
Low levels of serotonin are associated with both obsessions and compulsions, so OCD drug treatments mainly target (select) the serotonin re-uptake system.
What are used to treat OCD?
Antidepressants are used to treat OCD
Discuss the biological approach to treating OCD (16 marks)/Outline and evaluate drug therapy as a means of treating OCD (16 marks).
In the case of psychological disorders, drug therapy usually affects neurotransmitter levels.
Low levels of serotonin are associated with both obsessions and compulsions, so OCD drug treatments mainly target (select) the serotonin re-uptake system.
Antidepressants are used to treat OCD, such as what?
Antidepressants are used to treat OCD, such as SSRIs
Discuss the biological approach to treating OCD (16 marks)/Outline and evaluate drug therapy as a means of treating OCD (16 marks).
In the case of psychological disorders, drug therapy usually affects neurotransmitter levels.
Low levels of serotonin are associated with both obsessions and compulsions, so OCD drug treatments mainly target (select) the serotonin re-uptake system.
Antidepressants are used to treat OCD, such as SSRIs, which do what?
Antidepressants are used to treat OCD, such as SSRIs, which elevate levels of serotonin and cause the orbital frontal cortex to function at more normal levels
Discuss the biological approach to treating OCD (16 marks)/Outline and evaluate drug therapy as a means of treating OCD (16 marks).
In the case of psychological disorders, drug therapy usually affects neurotransmitter levels.
Low levels of serotonin are associated with both obsessions and compulsions, so OCD drug treatments mainly target (select) the serotonin re-uptake system.
Antidepressants are used to treat OCD, such as SSRIs, which elevate levels of serotonin and cause the orbital frontal cortex to function at more normal levels.
What are also used due to their anxiety-lowering properties?
Anxiolytic drugs are also used due to their anxiety-lowering properties
Discuss the biological approach to treating OCD (16 marks)/Outline and evaluate drug therapy as a means of treating OCD (16 marks).
In the case of psychological disorders, drug therapy usually affects neurotransmitter levels.
Low levels of serotonin are associated with both obsessions and compulsions, so OCD drug treatments mainly target (select) the serotonin re-uptake system.
Antidepressants are used to treat OCD, such as SSRIs, which elevate levels of serotonin and cause the orbital frontal cortex to function at more normal levels.
Anxiolytic drugs are also used due to their anxiety-lowering properties.
What have also proven useful in treating OCD?
Antipsychotic drugs that have a dopamine lowering effect have also proven useful in treating OCD
Discuss the biological approach to treating OCD (16 marks)/Outline and evaluate drug therapy as a means of treating OCD (16 marks).
In the case of psychological disorders, drug therapy usually affects neurotransmitter levels.
Low levels of serotonin are associated with both obsessions and compulsions, so OCD drug treatments mainly target (select) the serotonin re-uptake system.
Antidepressants are used to treat OCD, such as SSRIs, which elevate levels of serotonin and cause the orbital frontal cortex to function at more normal levels.
Anxiolytic drugs are also used due to their anxiety-lowering properties.
Antipsychotic drugs that have a dopamine lowering effect have also proven useful in treating OCD, but what?
Antipsychotic drugs that have a dopamine lowering effect have also proven useful in treating OCD, but they are only generally given when treatment when SSRIs hasn’t proved effective or incurs serious side effects
Discuss the biological approach to treating OCD (16 marks)/Outline and evaluate drug therapy as a means of treating OCD (16 marks).
In the case of psychological disorders, drug therapy usually affects neurotransmitter levels.
Low levels of serotonin are associated with both obsessions and compulsions, so OCD drug treatments mainly target (select) the serotonin re-uptake system.
Antidepressants are used to treat OCD, such as SSRIs, which elevate levels of serotonin and cause the orbital frontal cortex to function at more normal levels.
Anxiolytic drugs are also used due to their anxiety-lowering properties.
Antipsychotic drugs that have a dopamine lowering effect have also proven useful in treating OCD, but they are only generally given when treatment when SSRIs hasn’t proved effective or incurs serious side effects.
What are an older type of antidepressant?
Tricyclics are an older type of antidepressant
Discuss the biological approach to treating OCD (16 marks)/Outline and evaluate drug therapy as a means of treating OCD (16 marks).
In the case of psychological disorders, drug therapy usually affects neurotransmitter levels.
Low levels of serotonin are associated with both obsessions and compulsions, so OCD drug treatments mainly target (select) the serotonin re-uptake system.
Antidepressants are used to treat OCD, such as SSRIs, which elevate levels of serotonin and cause the orbital frontal cortex to function at more normal levels.
Anxiolytic drugs are also used due to their anxiety-lowering properties.
Antipsychotic drugs that have a dopamine lowering effect have also proven useful in treating OCD, but they are only generally given when treatment when SSRIs hasn’t proved effective or incurs serious side effects.
Tricyclics, such as what, are an older type of antidepressant?
Tricyclics, such as clomipramine, are an older type of antidepressant
Discuss the biological approach to treating OCD (16 marks)/Outline and evaluate drug therapy as a means of treating OCD (16 marks).
In the case of psychological disorders, drug therapy usually affects neurotransmitter levels.
Low levels of serotonin are associated with both obsessions and compulsions, so OCD drug treatments mainly target (select) the serotonin re-uptake system.
Antidepressants are used to treat OCD, such as SSRIs, which elevate levels of serotonin and cause the orbital frontal cortex to function at more normal levels.
Anxiolytic drugs are also used due to their anxiety-lowering properties.
Antipsychotic drugs that have a dopamine lowering effect have also proven useful in treating OCD, but they are only generally given when treatment when SSRIs hasn’t proved effective or incurs serious side effects.
Tricyclics, such as clomipramine, are an older type of antidepressant and what?
Tricyclics, such as clomipramine, are an older type of antidepressant and they have the same effect on the serotonin system as SSRIs
Discuss the biological approach to treating OCD (16 marks)/Outline and evaluate drug therapy as a means of treating OCD (16 marks).
In the case of psychological disorders, drug therapy usually affects neurotransmitter levels.
Low levels of serotonin are associated with both obsessions and compulsions, so OCD drug treatments mainly target (select) the serotonin re-uptake system.
Antidepressants are used to treat OCD, such as SSRIs, which elevate levels of serotonin and cause the orbital frontal cortex to function at more normal levels.
Anxiolytic drugs are also used due to their anxiety-lowering properties.
Antipsychotic drugs that have a dopamine lowering effect have also proven useful in treating OCD, but they are only generally given when treatment when SSRIs hasn’t proved effective or incurs serious side effects.
Tricyclics, such as clomipramine, are an older type of antidepressant and they have the same effect on the serotonin system as SSRIs.
What is generally kept in reserve for patients who do not respond to SSRIs?
Clomipramine is generally kept in reserve for patients who do not respond to SSRIs
Discuss the biological approach to treating OCD (16 marks)/Outline and evaluate drug therapy as a means of treating OCD (16 marks).
In the case of psychological disorders, drug therapy usually affects neurotransmitter levels.
Low levels of serotonin are associated with both obsessions and compulsions, so OCD drug treatments mainly target (select) the serotonin re-uptake system.
Antidepressants are used to treat OCD, such as SSRIs, which elevate levels of serotonin and cause the orbital frontal cortex to function at more normal levels.
Anxiolytic drugs are also used due to their anxiety-lowering properties.
Antipsychotic drugs that have a dopamine lowering effect have also proven useful in treating OCD, but they are only generally given when treatment when SSRIs hasn’t proved effective or incurs serious side effects.
Tricyclics, such as clomipramine, are an older type of antidepressant and they have the same effect on the serotonin system as SSRIs.
Clomipramine is generally kept in reserve for patients who do not respond to SSRIs, why?
Clomipramine is generally kept in reserve for patients who do not respond to SSRIs, because it has more severe side effects than SSRIs
Discuss the biological approach to treating OCD (16 marks)/Outline and evaluate drug therapy as a means of treating OCD (16 marks).
In the case of psychological disorders, drug therapy usually affects neurotransmitter levels.
Low levels of serotonin are associated with both obsessions and compulsions, so OCD drug treatments mainly target (select) the serotonin re-uptake system.
Antidepressants are used to treat OCD, such as SSRIs, which elevate levels of serotonin and cause the orbital frontal cortex to function at more normal levels.
Anxiolytic drugs are also used due to their anxiety-lowering properties.
Antipsychotic drugs that have a dopamine lowering effect have also proven useful in treating OCD, but they are only generally given when treatment when SSRIs hasn’t proved effective or incurs serious side effects.
Tricyclics, such as clomipramine, are an older type of antidepressant and they have the same effect on the serotonin system as SSRIs.
Clomipramine is generally kept in reserve for patients who do not respond to SSRIs, because it has more severe side effects than SSRIs.
First AO3 PEEL paragraph
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for the biological approach to treating OCD/drug therapy as a means of treating OCD
Discuss the biological approach to treating OCD (16 marks)/Outline and evaluate drug therapy as a means of treating OCD (16 marks).
In the case of psychological disorders, drug therapy usually affects neurotransmitter levels.
Low levels of serotonin are associated with both obsessions and compulsions, so OCD drug treatments mainly target (select) the serotonin re-uptake system.
Antidepressants are used to treat OCD, such as SSRIs, which elevate levels of serotonin and cause the orbital frontal cortex to function at more normal levels.
Anxiolytic drugs are also used due to their anxiety-lowering properties.
Antipsychotic drugs that have a dopamine lowering effect have also proven useful in treating OCD, but they are only generally given when treatment when SSRIs hasn’t proved effective or incurs serious side effects.
Tricyclics, such as clomipramine, are an older type of antidepressant and they have the same effect on the serotonin system as SSRIs.
Clomipramine is generally kept in reserve for patients who do not respond to SSRIs, because it has more severe side effects than SSRIs.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for the biological approach to treating OCD/drug therapy as a means of treating OCD.
Example
For example, Pigott and Seay reviewed studies testing the effectiveness of drug therapies, finding SSRIs to be consistently effective in reducing OCD symptoms.
While the tricyclic antidepressant drug clomipramine proved slightly more effective, it had more serious side effects
Discuss the biological approach to treating OCD (16 marks)/Outline and evaluate drug therapy as a means of treating OCD (16 marks).
In the case of psychological disorders, drug therapy usually affects neurotransmitter levels.
Low levels of serotonin are associated with both obsessions and compulsions, so OCD drug treatments mainly target (select) the serotonin re-uptake system.
Antidepressants are used to treat OCD, such as SSRIs, which elevate levels of serotonin and cause the orbital frontal cortex to function at more normal levels.
Anxiolytic drugs are also used due to their anxiety-lowering properties.
Antipsychotic drugs that have a dopamine lowering effect have also proven useful in treating OCD, but they are only generally given when treatment when SSRIs hasn’t proved effective or incurs serious side effects.
Tricyclics, such as clomipramine, are an older type of antidepressant and they have the same effect on the serotonin system as SSRIs.
Clomipramine is generally kept in reserve for patients who do not respond to SSRIs, because it has more severe side effects than SSRIs.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for the biological approach to treating OCD/drug therapy as a means of treating OCD.
For example, Pigott and Seay reviewed studies testing the effectiveness of drug therapies, finding SSRIs to be consistently effective in reducing OCD symptoms.
While the tricyclic antidepressant drug clomipramine proved slightly more effective, it had more serious side effects.
What does this suggest?
This suggests that SSRIs should be given as a first attempt drug treatment and that clomipramine should only be used when SSRIs have not proven effective
Discuss the biological approach to treating OCD (16 marks)/Outline and evaluate drug therapy as a means of treating OCD (16 marks).
In the case of psychological disorders, drug therapy usually affects neurotransmitter levels.
Low levels of serotonin are associated with both obsessions and compulsions, so OCD drug treatments mainly target (select) the serotonin re-uptake system.
Antidepressants are used to treat OCD, such as SSRIs, which elevate levels of serotonin and cause the orbital frontal cortex to function at more normal levels.
Anxiolytic drugs are also used due to their anxiety-lowering properties.
Antipsychotic drugs that have a dopamine lowering effect have also proven useful in treating OCD, but they are only generally given when treatment when SSRIs hasn’t proved effective or incurs serious side effects.
Tricyclics, such as clomipramine, are an older type of antidepressant and they have the same effect on the serotonin system as SSRIs.
Clomipramine is generally kept in reserve for patients who do not respond to SSRIs, because it has more severe side effects than SSRIs.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for the biological approach to treating OCD/drug therapy as a means of treating OCD.
For example, Pigott and Seay reviewed studies testing the effectiveness of drug therapies, finding SSRIs to be consistently effective in reducing OCD symptoms.
While the tricyclic antidepressant drug clomipramine proved slightly more effective, it had more serious side effects.
This suggests that SSRIs should be given as a first attempt drug treatment and that clomipramine should only be used when SSRIs have not proven effective.
What does it also suggest?
It also suggests that the biological approach to treating OCD is valid/drug therapy is effective as a means of treating OCD
Discuss the biological approach to treating OCD (16 marks)/Outline and evaluate drug therapy as a means of treating OCD (16 marks).
In the case of psychological disorders, drug therapy usually affects neurotransmitter levels.
Low levels of serotonin are associated with both obsessions and compulsions, so OCD drug treatments mainly target (select) the serotonin re-uptake system.
Antidepressants are used to treat OCD, such as SSRIs, which elevate levels of serotonin and cause the orbital frontal cortex to function at more normal levels.
Anxiolytic drugs are also used due to their anxiety-lowering properties.
Antipsychotic drugs that have a dopamine lowering effect have also proven useful in treating OCD, but they are only generally given when treatment when SSRIs hasn’t proved effective or incurs serious side effects.
Tricyclics, such as clomipramine, are an older type of antidepressant and they have the same effect on the serotonin system as SSRIs.
Clomipramine is generally kept in reserve for patients who do not respond to SSRIs, because it has more severe side effects than SSRIs.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for the biological approach to treating OCD/drug therapy as a means of treating OCD.
For example, Pigott and Seay reviewed studies testing the effectiveness of drug therapies, finding SSRIs to be consistently effective in reducing OCD symptoms.
While the tricyclic antidepressant drug clomipramine proved slightly more effective, it had more serious side effects.
This suggests that SSRIs should be given as a first attempt drug treatment and that clomipramine should only be used when SSRIs have not proven effective.
It also suggests that the biological approach to treating OCD is valid/drug therapy is effective as a means of treating OCD.
Second AO3 PEEL paragraph
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, the research for drug treatments is unreliable
Discuss the biological approach to treating OCD (16 marks)/Outline and evaluate drug therapy as a means of treating OCD (16 marks).
In the case of psychological disorders, drug therapy usually affects neurotransmitter levels.
Low levels of serotonin are associated with both obsessions and compulsions, so OCD drug treatments mainly target (select) the serotonin re-uptake system.
Antidepressants are used to treat OCD, such as SSRIs, which elevate levels of serotonin and cause the orbital frontal cortex to function at more normal levels.
Anxiolytic drugs are also used due to their anxiety-lowering properties.
Antipsychotic drugs that have a dopamine lowering effect have also proven useful in treating OCD, but they are only generally given when treatment when SSRIs hasn’t proved effective or incurs serious side effects.
Tricyclics, such as clomipramine, are an older type of antidepressant and they have the same effect on the serotonin system as SSRIs.
Clomipramine is generally kept in reserve for patients who do not respond to SSRIs, because it has more severe side effects than SSRIs.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for the biological approach to treating OCD/drug therapy as a means of treating OCD.
For example, Pigott and Seay reviewed studies testing the effectiveness of drug therapies, finding SSRIs to be consistently effective in reducing OCD symptoms.
While the tricyclic antidepressant drug clomipramine proved slightly more effective, it had more serious side effects.
This suggests that SSRIs should be given as a first attempt drug treatment and that clomipramine should only be used when SSRIs have not proven effective.
It also suggests that the biological approach to treating OCD is valid/drug therapy is effective as a means of treating OCD.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, the research for drug treatments is unreliable.
Although what?
Although SSRIs are fairly effective and any side effects will probably be short term
Discuss the biological approach to treating OCD (16 marks)/Outline and evaluate drug therapy as a means of treating OCD (16 marks).
In the case of psychological disorders, drug therapy usually affects neurotransmitter levels.
Low levels of serotonin are associated with both obsessions and compulsions, so OCD drug treatments mainly target (select) the serotonin re-uptake system.
Antidepressants are used to treat OCD, such as SSRIs, which elevate levels of serotonin and cause the orbital frontal cortex to function at more normal levels.
Anxiolytic drugs are also used due to their anxiety-lowering properties.
Antipsychotic drugs that have a dopamine lowering effect have also proven useful in treating OCD, but they are only generally given when treatment when SSRIs hasn’t proved effective or incurs serious side effects.
Tricyclics, such as clomipramine, are an older type of antidepressant and they have the same effect on the serotonin system as SSRIs.
Clomipramine is generally kept in reserve for patients who do not respond to SSRIs, because it has more severe side effects than SSRIs.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for the biological approach to treating OCD/drug therapy as a means of treating OCD.
For example, Pigott and Seay reviewed studies testing the effectiveness of drug therapies, finding SSRIs to be consistently effective in reducing OCD symptoms.
While the tricyclic antidepressant drug clomipramine proved slightly more effective, it had more serious side effects.
This suggests that SSRIs should be given as a first attempt drug treatment and that clomipramine should only be used when SSRIs have not proven effective.
It also suggests that the biological approach to treating OCD is valid/drug therapy is effective as a means of treating OCD.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, the research for drug treatments is unreliable.
Although SSRIs are fairly effective and any side effects will probably be short term, what?
Although SSRIs are fairly effective and any side effects will probably be short term, like all drug treatments they have some controversy attached
Discuss the biological approach to treating OCD (16 marks)/Outline and evaluate drug therapy as a means of treating OCD (16 marks).
In the case of psychological disorders, drug therapy usually affects neurotransmitter levels.
Low levels of serotonin are associated with both obsessions and compulsions, so OCD drug treatments mainly target (select) the serotonin re-uptake system.
Antidepressants are used to treat OCD, such as SSRIs, which elevate levels of serotonin and cause the orbital frontal cortex to function at more normal levels.
Anxiolytic drugs are also used due to their anxiety-lowering properties.
Antipsychotic drugs that have a dopamine lowering effect have also proven useful in treating OCD, but they are only generally given when treatment when SSRIs hasn’t proved effective or incurs serious side effects.
Tricyclics, such as clomipramine, are an older type of antidepressant and they have the same effect on the serotonin system as SSRIs.
Clomipramine is generally kept in reserve for patients who do not respond to SSRIs, because it has more severe side effects than SSRIs.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for the biological approach to treating OCD/drug therapy as a means of treating OCD.
For example, Pigott and Seay reviewed studies testing the effectiveness of drug therapies, finding SSRIs to be consistently effective in reducing OCD symptoms.
While the tricyclic antidepressant drug clomipramine proved slightly more effective, it had more serious side effects.
This suggests that SSRIs should be given as a first attempt drug treatment and that clomipramine should only be used when SSRIs have not proven effective.
It also suggests that the biological approach to treating OCD is valid/drug therapy is effective as a means of treating OCD.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, the research for drug treatments is unreliable.
Although SSRIs are fairly effective and any side effects will probably be short term, like all drug treatments they have some controversy attached.
For instance, what?
For instance, some psychologists believe that the evidence favouring drug treatments is biased
Discuss the biological approach to treating OCD (16 marks)/Outline and evaluate drug therapy as a means of treating OCD (16 marks).
In the case of psychological disorders, drug therapy usually affects neurotransmitter levels.
Low levels of serotonin are associated with both obsessions and compulsions, so OCD drug treatments mainly target (select) the serotonin re-uptake system.
Antidepressants are used to treat OCD, such as SSRIs, which elevate levels of serotonin and cause the orbital frontal cortex to function at more normal levels.
Anxiolytic drugs are also used due to their anxiety-lowering properties.
Antipsychotic drugs that have a dopamine lowering effect have also proven useful in treating OCD, but they are only generally given when treatment when SSRIs hasn’t proved effective or incurs serious side effects.
Tricyclics, such as clomipramine, are an older type of antidepressant and they have the same effect on the serotonin system as SSRIs.
Clomipramine is generally kept in reserve for patients who do not respond to SSRIs, because it has more severe side effects than SSRIs.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for the biological approach to treating OCD/drug therapy as a means of treating OCD.
For example, Pigott and Seay reviewed studies testing the effectiveness of drug therapies, finding SSRIs to be consistently effective in reducing OCD symptoms.
While the tricyclic antidepressant drug clomipramine proved slightly more effective, it had more serious side effects.
This suggests that SSRIs should be given as a first attempt drug treatment and that clomipramine should only be used when SSRIs have not proven effective.
It also suggests that the biological approach to treating OCD is valid/drug therapy is effective as a means of treating OCD.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, the research for drug treatments is unreliable.
Although SSRIs are fairly effective and any side effects will probably be short term, like all drug treatments they have some controversy attached.
For instance, some psychologists believe that the evidence favouring drug treatments is biased.
Example
For example, some psychologists believe that the evidence favouring drug treatments is biased, because the research is sponsored by drug companies, who do not report all the evidence (Goldacre)
Discuss the biological approach to treating OCD (16 marks)/Outline and evaluate drug therapy as a means of treating OCD (16 marks).
In the case of psychological disorders, drug therapy usually affects neurotransmitter levels.
Low levels of serotonin are associated with both obsessions and compulsions, so OCD drug treatments mainly target (select) the serotonin re-uptake system.
Antidepressants are used to treat OCD, such as SSRIs, which elevate levels of serotonin and cause the orbital frontal cortex to function at more normal levels.
Anxiolytic drugs are also used due to their anxiety-lowering properties.
Antipsychotic drugs that have a dopamine lowering effect have also proven useful in treating OCD, but they are only generally given when treatment when SSRIs hasn’t proved effective or incurs serious side effects.
Tricyclics, such as clomipramine, are an older type of antidepressant and they have the same effect on the serotonin system as SSRIs.
Clomipramine is generally kept in reserve for patients who do not respond to SSRIs, because it has more severe side effects than SSRIs.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for the biological approach to treating OCD/drug therapy as a means of treating OCD.
For example, Pigott and Seay reviewed studies testing the effectiveness of drug therapies, finding SSRIs to be consistently effective in reducing OCD symptoms.
While the tricyclic antidepressant drug clomipramine proved slightly more effective, it had more serious side effects.
This suggests that SSRIs should be given as a first attempt drug treatment and that clomipramine should only be used when SSRIs have not proven effective.
It also suggests that the biological approach to treating OCD is valid/drug therapy is effective as a means of treating OCD.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, the research for drug treatments is unreliable.
Although SSRIs are fairly effective and any side effects will probably be short term, like all drug treatments they have some controversy attached.
For instance, some psychologists believe that the evidence favouring drug treatments is biased.
For example, some psychologists believe that the evidence favouring drug treatments is biased, because the research is sponsored by drug companies, who do not report all the evidence (Goldacre).
What does this suggest?
This suggests that the biological approach to treating OCD is not valid/drug therapy is not effective as a means of treating OCD
Discuss the biological approach to treating OCD (16 marks)/Outline and evaluate drug therapy as a means of treating OCD (16 marks).
In the case of psychological disorders, drug therapy usually affects neurotransmitter levels.
Low levels of serotonin are associated with both obsessions and compulsions, so OCD drug treatments mainly target (select) the serotonin re-uptake system.
Antidepressants are used to treat OCD, such as SSRIs, which elevate levels of serotonin and cause the orbital frontal cortex to function at more normal levels.
Anxiolytic drugs are also used due to their anxiety-lowering properties.
Antipsychotic drugs that have a dopamine lowering effect have also proven useful in treating OCD, but they are only generally given when treatment when SSRIs hasn’t proved effective or incurs serious side effects.
Tricyclics, such as clomipramine, are an older type of antidepressant and they have the same effect on the serotonin system as SSRIs.
Clomipramine is generally kept in reserve for patients who do not respond to SSRIs, because it has more severe side effects than SSRIs.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for the biological approach to treating OCD/drug therapy as a means of treating OCD.
For example, Pigott and Seay reviewed studies testing the effectiveness of drug therapies, finding SSRIs to be consistently effective in reducing OCD symptoms.
While the tricyclic antidepressant drug clomipramine proved slightly more effective, it had more serious side effects.
This suggests that SSRIs should be given as a first attempt drug treatment and that clomipramine should only be used when SSRIs have not proven effective.
It also suggests that the biological approach to treating OCD is valid/drug therapy is effective as a means of treating OCD.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, the research for drug treatments is unreliable.
Although SSRIs are fairly effective and any side effects will probably be short term, like all drug treatments they have some controversy attached.
For instance, some psychologists believe that the evidence favouring drug treatments is biased.
For example, some psychologists believe that the evidence favouring drug treatments is biased, because the research is sponsored by drug companies, who do not report all the evidence (Goldacre).
This suggests that the biological approach to treating OCD is not valid/drug therapy is not effective as a means of treating OCD.
Third AO3 PEEL paragraph
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that drug therapy is more effective than other treatments for OCD
Discuss the biological approach to treating OCD (16 marks)/Outline and evaluate drug therapy as a means of treating OCD (16 marks).
In the case of psychological disorders, drug therapy usually affects neurotransmitter levels.
Low levels of serotonin are associated with both obsessions and compulsions, so OCD drug treatments mainly target (select) the serotonin re-uptake system.
Antidepressants are used to treat OCD, such as SSRIs, which elevate levels of serotonin and cause the orbital frontal cortex to function at more normal levels.
Anxiolytic drugs are also used due to their anxiety-lowering properties.
Antipsychotic drugs that have a dopamine lowering effect have also proven useful in treating OCD, but they are only generally given when treatment when SSRIs hasn’t proved effective or incurs serious side effects.
Tricyclics, such as clomipramine, are an older type of antidepressant and they have the same effect on the serotonin system as SSRIs.
Clomipramine is generally kept in reserve for patients who do not respond to SSRIs, because it has more severe side effects than SSRIs.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for the biological approach to treating OCD/drug therapy as a means of treating OCD.
For example, Pigott and Seay reviewed studies testing the effectiveness of drug therapies, finding SSRIs to be consistently effective in reducing OCD symptoms.
While the tricyclic antidepressant drug clomipramine proved slightly more effective, it had more serious side effects.
This suggests that SSRIs should be given as a first attempt drug treatment and that clomipramine should only be used when SSRIs have not proven effective.
It also suggests that the biological approach to treating OCD is valid/drug therapy is effective as a means of treating OCD.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, the research for drug treatments is unreliable.
Although SSRIs are fairly effective and any side effects will probably be short term, like all drug treatments they have some controversy attached.
For instance, some psychologists believe that the evidence favouring drug treatments is biased.
For example, some psychologists believe that the evidence favouring drug treatments is biased, because the research is sponsored by drug companies, who do not report all the evidence (Goldacre).
This suggests that the biological approach to treating OCD is not valid/drug therapy is not effective as a means of treating OCD.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that drug therapy is more effective than other treatments for OCD.
Why is this?
This is because drugs are cost-effective
Discuss the biological approach to treating OCD (16 marks)/Outline and evaluate drug therapy as a means of treating OCD (16 marks).
In the case of psychological disorders, drug therapy usually affects neurotransmitter levels.
Low levels of serotonin are associated with both obsessions and compulsions, so OCD drug treatments mainly target (select) the serotonin re-uptake system.
Antidepressants are used to treat OCD, such as SSRIs, which elevate levels of serotonin and cause the orbital frontal cortex to function at more normal levels.
Anxiolytic drugs are also used due to their anxiety-lowering properties.
Antipsychotic drugs that have a dopamine lowering effect have also proven useful in treating OCD, but they are only generally given when treatment when SSRIs hasn’t proved effective or incurs serious side effects.
Tricyclics, such as clomipramine, are an older type of antidepressant and they have the same effect on the serotonin system as SSRIs.
Clomipramine is generally kept in reserve for patients who do not respond to SSRIs, because it has more severe side effects than SSRIs.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for the biological approach to treating OCD/drug therapy as a means of treating OCD.
For example, Pigott and Seay reviewed studies testing the effectiveness of drug therapies, finding SSRIs to be consistently effective in reducing OCD symptoms.
While the tricyclic antidepressant drug clomipramine proved slightly more effective, it had more serious side effects.
This suggests that SSRIs should be given as a first attempt drug treatment and that clomipramine should only be used when SSRIs have not proven effective.
It also suggests that the biological approach to treating OCD is valid/drug therapy is effective as a means of treating OCD.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, the research for drug treatments is unreliable.
Although SSRIs are fairly effective and any side effects will probably be short term, like all drug treatments they have some controversy attached.
For instance, some psychologists believe that the evidence favouring drug treatments is biased.
For example, some psychologists believe that the evidence favouring drug treatments is biased, because the research is sponsored by drug companies, who do not report all the evidence (Goldacre).
This suggests that the biological approach to treating OCD is not valid/drug therapy is not effective as a means of treating OCD.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that drug therapy is more effective than other treatments for OCD.
This is because drugs are cost-effective, compared to what?
This is because drugs are cost-effective, compared to psychological treatments
Discuss the biological approach to treating OCD (16 marks)/Outline and evaluate drug therapy as a means of treating OCD (16 marks).
In the case of psychological disorders, drug therapy usually affects neurotransmitter levels.
Low levels of serotonin are associated with both obsessions and compulsions, so OCD drug treatments mainly target (select) the serotonin re-uptake system.
Antidepressants are used to treat OCD, such as SSRIs, which elevate levels of serotonin and cause the orbital frontal cortex to function at more normal levels.
Anxiolytic drugs are also used due to their anxiety-lowering properties.
Antipsychotic drugs that have a dopamine lowering effect have also proven useful in treating OCD, but they are only generally given when treatment when SSRIs hasn’t proved effective or incurs serious side effects.
Tricyclics, such as clomipramine, are an older type of antidepressant and they have the same effect on the serotonin system as SSRIs.
Clomipramine is generally kept in reserve for patients who do not respond to SSRIs, because it has more severe side effects than SSRIs.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for the biological approach to treating OCD/drug therapy as a means of treating OCD.
For example, Pigott and Seay reviewed studies testing the effectiveness of drug therapies, finding SSRIs to be consistently effective in reducing OCD symptoms.
While the tricyclic antidepressant drug clomipramine proved slightly more effective, it had more serious side effects.
This suggests that SSRIs should be given as a first attempt drug treatment and that clomipramine should only be used when SSRIs have not proven effective.
It also suggests that the biological approach to treating OCD is valid/drug therapy is effective as a means of treating OCD.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, the research for drug treatments is unreliable.
Although SSRIs are fairly effective and any side effects will probably be short term, like all drug treatments they have some controversy attached.
For instance, some psychologists believe that the evidence favouring drug treatments is biased.
For example, some psychologists believe that the evidence favouring drug treatments is biased, because the research is sponsored by drug companies, who do not report all the evidence (Goldacre).
This suggests that the biological approach to treating OCD is not valid/drug therapy is not effective as a means of treating OCD.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that drug therapy is more effective than other treatments for OCD.
This is because drugs are cost-effective, compared to psychological treatments.
Using drugs to treat OCD is therefore what?
Using drugs to treat OCD is therefore good value for a public health system
Discuss the biological approach to treating OCD (16 marks)/Outline and evaluate drug therapy as a means of treating OCD (16 marks).
In the case of psychological disorders, drug therapy usually affects neurotransmitter levels.
Low levels of serotonin are associated with both obsessions and compulsions, so OCD drug treatments mainly target (select) the serotonin re-uptake system.
Antidepressants are used to treat OCD, such as SSRIs, which elevate levels of serotonin and cause the orbital frontal cortex to function at more normal levels.
Anxiolytic drugs are also used due to their anxiety-lowering properties.
Antipsychotic drugs that have a dopamine lowering effect have also proven useful in treating OCD, but they are only generally given when treatment when SSRIs hasn’t proved effective or incurs serious side effects.
Tricyclics, such as clomipramine, are an older type of antidepressant and they have the same effect on the serotonin system as SSRIs.
Clomipramine is generally kept in reserve for patients who do not respond to SSRIs, because it has more severe side effects than SSRIs.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for the biological approach to treating OCD/drug therapy as a means of treating OCD.
For example, Pigott and Seay reviewed studies testing the effectiveness of drug therapies, finding SSRIs to be consistently effective in reducing OCD symptoms.
While the tricyclic antidepressant drug clomipramine proved slightly more effective, it had more serious side effects.
This suggests that SSRIs should be given as a first attempt drug treatment and that clomipramine should only be used when SSRIs have not proven effective.
It also suggests that the biological approach to treating OCD is valid/drug therapy is effective as a means of treating OCD.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, the research for drug treatments is unreliable.
Although SSRIs are fairly effective and any side effects will probably be short term, like all drug treatments they have some controversy attached.
For instance, some psychologists believe that the evidence favouring drug treatments is biased.
For example, some psychologists believe that the evidence favouring drug treatments is biased, because the research is sponsored by drug companies, who do not report all the evidence (Goldacre).
This suggests that the biological approach to treating OCD is not valid/drug therapy is not effective as a means of treating OCD.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that drug therapy is more effective than other treatments for OCD.
This is because drugs are cost-effective, compared to psychological treatments.
Using drugs to treat OCD is therefore good value for a public health system, like what?
Using drugs to treat OCD is therefore good value for a public health system, like the NHS
Discuss the biological approach to treating OCD (16 marks)/Outline and evaluate drug therapy as a means of treating OCD (16 marks).
In the case of psychological disorders, drug therapy usually affects neurotransmitter levels.
Low levels of serotonin are associated with both obsessions and compulsions, so OCD drug treatments mainly target (select) the serotonin re-uptake system.
Antidepressants are used to treat OCD, such as SSRIs, which elevate levels of serotonin and cause the orbital frontal cortex to function at more normal levels.
Anxiolytic drugs are also used due to their anxiety-lowering properties.
Antipsychotic drugs that have a dopamine lowering effect have also proven useful in treating OCD, but they are only generally given when treatment when SSRIs hasn’t proved effective or incurs serious side effects.
Tricyclics, such as clomipramine, are an older type of antidepressant and they have the same effect on the serotonin system as SSRIs.
Clomipramine is generally kept in reserve for patients who do not respond to SSRIs, because it has more severe side effects than SSRIs.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for the biological approach to treating OCD/drug therapy as a means of treating OCD.
For example, Pigott and Seay reviewed studies testing the effectiveness of drug therapies, finding SSRIs to be consistently effective in reducing OCD symptoms.
While the tricyclic antidepressant drug clomipramine proved slightly more effective, it had more serious side effects.
This suggests that SSRIs should be given as a first attempt drug treatment and that clomipramine should only be used when SSRIs have not proven effective.
It also suggests that the biological approach to treating OCD is valid/drug therapy is effective as a means of treating OCD.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, the research for drug treatments is unreliable.
Although SSRIs are fairly effective and any side effects will probably be short term, like all drug treatments they have some controversy attached.
For instance, some psychologists believe that the evidence favouring drug treatments is biased.
For example, some psychologists believe that the evidence favouring drug treatments is biased, because the research is sponsored by drug companies, who do not report all the evidence (Goldacre).
This suggests that the biological approach to treating OCD is not valid/drug therapy is not effective as a means of treating OCD.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that drug therapy is more effective than other treatments for OCD.
This is because drugs are cost-effective, compared to psychological treatments.
Using drugs to treat OCD is therefore good value for a public health system, like the NHS.
As compared to psychological therapies, what?
As compared to psychological therapies, SSRIs are also non-disruptive to patients’ lives
Discuss the biological approach to treating OCD (16 marks)/Outline and evaluate drug therapy as a means of treating OCD (16 marks).
In the case of psychological disorders, drug therapy usually affects neurotransmitter levels.
Low levels of serotonin are associated with both obsessions and compulsions, so OCD drug treatments mainly target (select) the serotonin re-uptake system.
Antidepressants are used to treat OCD, such as SSRIs, which elevate levels of serotonin and cause the orbital frontal cortex to function at more normal levels.
Anxiolytic drugs are also used due to their anxiety-lowering properties.
Antipsychotic drugs that have a dopamine lowering effect have also proven useful in treating OCD, but they are only generally given when treatment when SSRIs hasn’t proved effective or incurs serious side effects.
Tricyclics, such as clomipramine, are an older type of antidepressant and they have the same effect on the serotonin system as SSRIs.
Clomipramine is generally kept in reserve for patients who do not respond to SSRIs, because it has more severe side effects than SSRIs.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for the biological approach to treating OCD/drug therapy as a means of treating OCD.
For example, Pigott and Seay reviewed studies testing the effectiveness of drug therapies, finding SSRIs to be consistently effective in reducing OCD symptoms.
While the tricyclic antidepressant drug clomipramine proved slightly more effective, it had more serious side effects.
This suggests that SSRIs should be given as a first attempt drug treatment and that clomipramine should only be used when SSRIs have not proven effective.
It also suggests that the biological approach to treating OCD is valid/drug therapy is effective as a means of treating OCD.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, the research for drug treatments is unreliable.
Although SSRIs are fairly effective and any side effects will probably be short term, like all drug treatments they have some controversy attached.
For instance, some psychologists believe that the evidence favouring drug treatments is biased.
For example, some psychologists believe that the evidence favouring drug treatments is biased, because the research is sponsored by drug companies, who do not report all the evidence (Goldacre).
This suggests that the biological approach to treating OCD is not valid/drug therapy is not effective as a means of treating OCD.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that drug therapy is more effective than other treatments for OCD.
This is because drugs are cost-effective, compared to psychological treatments.
Using drugs to treat OCD is therefore good value for a public health system, like the NHS.
As compared to psychological therapies, SSRIs are also non-disruptive to patients’ lives.
Example
For example, if you wish, you can simply take drugs until your symptoms decline and not engage with the hard work of psychological therapy
Discuss the biological approach to treating OCD (16 marks)/Outline and evaluate drug therapy as a means of treating OCD (16 marks).
In the case of psychological disorders, drug therapy usually affects neurotransmitter levels.
Low levels of serotonin are associated with both obsessions and compulsions, so OCD drug treatments mainly target (select) the serotonin re-uptake system.
Antidepressants are used to treat OCD, such as SSRIs, which elevate levels of serotonin and cause the orbital frontal cortex to function at more normal levels.
Anxiolytic drugs are also used due to their anxiety-lowering properties.
Antipsychotic drugs that have a dopamine lowering effect have also proven useful in treating OCD, but they are only generally given when treatment when SSRIs hasn’t proved effective or incurs serious side effects.
Tricyclics, such as clomipramine, are an older type of antidepressant and they have the same effect on the serotonin system as SSRIs.
Clomipramine is generally kept in reserve for patients who do not respond to SSRIs, because it has more severe side effects than SSRIs.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for the biological approach to treating OCD/drug therapy as a means of treating OCD.
For example, Pigott and Seay reviewed studies testing the effectiveness of drug therapies, finding SSRIs to be consistently effective in reducing OCD symptoms.
While the tricyclic antidepressant drug clomipramine proved slightly more effective, it had more serious side effects.
This suggests that SSRIs should be given as a first attempt drug treatment and that clomipramine should only be used when SSRIs have not proven effective.
It also suggests that the biological approach to treating OCD is valid/drug therapy is effective as a means of treating OCD.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, the research for drug treatments is unreliable.
Although SSRIs are fairly effective and any side effects will probably be short term, like all drug treatments they have some controversy attached.
For instance, some psychologists believe that the evidence favouring drug treatments is biased.
For example, some psychologists believe that the evidence favouring drug treatments is biased, because the research is sponsored by drug companies, who do not report all the evidence (Goldacre).
This suggests that the biological approach to treating OCD is not valid/drug therapy is not effective as a means of treating OCD.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that drug therapy is more effective than other treatments for OCD.
This is because drugs are cost-effective, compared to psychological treatments.
Using drugs to treat OCD is therefore good value for a public health system, like the NHS.
As compared to psychological therapies, SSRIs are also non-disruptive to patients’ lives.
For example, if you wish, you can simply take drugs until your symptoms decline and not engage with the hard work of psychological therapy, hence why what?
For example, if you wish, you can simply take drugs until your symptoms decline and not engage with the hard work of psychological therapy, hence why many doctors and patients like drug treatments
Discuss the biological approach to treating OCD (16 marks)/Outline and evaluate drug therapy as a means of treating OCD (16 marks).
In the case of psychological disorders, drug therapy usually affects neurotransmitter levels.
Low levels of serotonin are associated with both obsessions and compulsions, so OCD drug treatments mainly target (select) the serotonin re-uptake system.
Antidepressants are used to treat OCD, such as SSRIs, which elevate levels of serotonin and cause the orbital frontal cortex to function at more normal levels.
Anxiolytic drugs are also used due to their anxiety-lowering properties.
Antipsychotic drugs that have a dopamine lowering effect have also proven useful in treating OCD, but they are only generally given when treatment when SSRIs hasn’t proved effective or incurs serious side effects.
Tricyclics, such as clomipramine, are an older type of antidepressant and they have the same effect on the serotonin system as SSRIs.
Clomipramine is generally kept in reserve for patients who do not respond to SSRIs, because it has more severe side effects than SSRIs.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for the biological approach to treating OCD/drug therapy as a means of treating OCD.
For example, Pigott and Seay reviewed studies testing the effectiveness of drug therapies, finding SSRIs to be consistently effective in reducing OCD symptoms.
While the tricyclic antidepressant drug clomipramine proved slightly more effective, it had more serious side effects.
This suggests that SSRIs should be given as a first attempt drug treatment and that clomipramine should only be used when SSRIs have not proven effective.
It also suggests that the biological approach to treating OCD is valid/drug therapy is effective as a means of treating OCD.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, the research for drug treatments is unreliable.
Although SSRIs are fairly effective and any side effects will probably be short term, like all drug treatments they have some controversy attached.
For instance, some psychologists believe that the evidence favouring drug treatments is biased.
For example, some psychologists believe that the evidence favouring drug treatments is biased, because the research is sponsored by drug companies, who do not report all the evidence (Goldacre).
This suggests that the biological approach to treating OCD is not valid/drug therapy is not effective as a means of treating OCD.
The third AO3 PEEL paragraph is that drug therapy is more effective than other treatments for OCD.
This is because drugs are cost-effective, compared to psychological treatments.
Using drugs to treat OCD is therefore good value for a public health system, like the NHS.
As compared to psychological therapies, SSRIs are also non-disruptive to patients’ lives.
For example, if you wish, you can simply take drugs until your symptoms decline and not engage with the hard work of psychological therapy, hence why many doctors and patients like drug treatments.
What does this suggest?
This suggests that the biological approach to treating OCD is valid/drug therapy is effective as a means of treating OCD
